Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) by country
Employment is defined as persons of working age who were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangement. The services sector consists of wholesale and...
Countries reporting
187
Highest
98.2%
Djibouti
Lowest
3.7%
Afghanistan
Median
74.1%
Years covered
35
1991–2025
Data points
8,211
What the numbers show
Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) is currently reported for 187 countries. The highest value is 98.2% in Djibouti; the lowest is 3.7% in Afghanistan.
The median across all reporting countries is 74.1%, and the mean is 67.2%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 26.
Over the past decade 143 countries rose and 44 fell. The largest increase was in Rwanda (up 65.4%), and the largest decrease in Afghanistan (down 81.3%).
Employment in services, female (% of female employment): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Djibouti | 98.2% | 2025 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 2 | Luxembourg | 97.2% | 2025 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 3 | Qatar | 96.1% | 2025 | up 2.2% | flat |
| 4 | Macau, China | 96.0% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 5 | Bahamas | 95.7% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 6 | Hong Kong, China | 95.6% | 2025 | down 0.0% | rising |
| 7 | Channel Islands | 95.2% | 2025 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 8 | French Polynesia | 94.5% | 2025 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 9 | Cyprus | 93.5% | 2025 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 10 | Netherlands | 93.4% | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 11 | Jordan | 93.3% | 2025 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 12 | Kuwait | 93.1% | 2025 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 13 | Israel | 92.8% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 14 | Lebanon | 92.4% | 2023 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 15 | United States Virgin Islands | 92.3% | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 16 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 92.3% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 17 | Barbados | 92.3% | 2025 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 18 | Sweden | 92.2% | 2025 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 19 | Puerto Rico | 91.9% | 2025 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 20 | Norway | 91.8% | 2025 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 21 | Malta | 91.8% | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 22 | Saint Lucia | 91.7% | 2025 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 23 | Bahrain | 91.5% | 2025 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 24 | Belgium | 91.3% | 2025 | up 0.5% | rising |
| 25 | United Arab Emirates | 91.3% | 2025 | down 1.0% | rising |
| 26 | Guam | 91.1% | 2025 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 27 | New Caledonia | 91.0% | 2025 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 28 | Iceland | 90.9% | 2025 | down 0.4% | rising |
| 29 | United States of America | 90.8% | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 30 | Dominican Republic | 90.8% | 2025 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 31 | Canada | 90.7% | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 32 | Australia | 90.4% | 2025 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 33 | Denmark | 90.1% | 2025 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 34 | Singapore | 90.0% | 2025 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 35 | Ireland | 89.6% | 2025 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 36 | Finland | 89.5% | 2025 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 37 | Saudi Arabia | 89.5% | 2025 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 38 | France | 89.0% | 2025 | up 0.0% | rising |
| 39 | Spain | 88.9% | 2025 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 40 | Libya | 88.9% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 41 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 88.9% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 42 | Switzerland | 88.7% | 2025 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 43 | Montenegro | 88.3% | 2025 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 44 | Brunei Darussalam | 88.0% | 2025 | down 1.8% | flat |
| 45 | Uruguay | 87.7% | 2025 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 46 | Argentina | 86.7% | 2025 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 47 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 86.6% | 2025 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 48 | Germany | 86.4% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 49 | New Zealand | 86.4% | 2025 | up 0.5% | rising |
| 50 | Chile | 86.3% | 2025 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 51 | Brazil | 86.3% | 2025 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 52 | Jamaica | 86.3% | 2025 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 53 | Austria | 85.8% | 2025 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 54 | Mauritius | 85.5% | 2025 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 55 | Belize | 85.5% | 2025 | down 2.1% | flat |
| 56 | Syrian Arab Republic | 85.2% | 2025 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 57 | Estonia | 84.9% | 2025 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 58 | South Africa | 84.6% | 2025 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 59 | Latvia | 84.5% | 2025 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 60 | Italy | 84.5% | 2025 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 61 | Japan | 84.3% | 2025 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 62 | Trinidad and Tobago | 83.9% | 2025 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 63 | Cape Verde | 83.8% | 2025 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 64 | Suriname | 83.8% | 2025 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 65 | Oman | 83.7% | 2025 | down 11.0% | flat |
| 66 | Botswana | 83.7% | 2025 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 67 | Korea | 83.5% | 2025 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 68 | Portugal | 83.1% | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 69 | Palestine, State of | 82.9% | 2022 | up 25.4% | rising |
| 70 | Cuba | 82.7% | 2025 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 71 | Greece | 82.6% | 2025 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 72 | Croatia | 82.6% | 2025 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 73 | Russian Federation | 82.4% | 2025 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 74 | Costa Rica | 82.1% | 2025 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 75 | Lithuania | 81.8% | 2025 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 76 | Colombia | 80.8% | 2025 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 77 | Paraguay | 80.7% | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 78 | Panama | 79.9% | 2025 | down 2.9% | falling |
| 79 | El Salvador | 79.7% | 2025 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 80 | Kazakhstan | 79.4% | 2025 | up 11.4% | rising |
| 81 | Slovakia | 79.3% | 2025 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 82 | Hungary | 79.1% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 83 | Mexico | 78.5% | 2025 | down 0.6% | rising |
| 84 | Honduras | 78.5% | 2025 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 85 | Poland | 78.5% | 2025 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 86 | Slovenia | 78.4% | 2025 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 87 | Guyana | 78.2% | 2025 | down 2.0% | rising |
| 88 | Nicaragua | 78.1% | 2025 | up 1.7% | flat |
| 89 | Bulgaria | 77.7% | 2025 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 90 | Malaysia | 77.6% | 2025 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 91 | Czechia | 77.5% | 2025 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 92 | Philippines | 77.4% | 2025 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 93 | Iraq | 74.5% | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 94 | Ukraine | 74.1% | 2021 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 95 | Belarus | 74.0% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 96 | Samoa | 74.0% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 97 | Egypt | 73.7% | 2025 | up 36.0% | rising |
| 98 | Algeria | 71.6% | 2025 | down 3.4% | rising |
| 99 | Namibia | 70.9% | 2025 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 100 | Romania | 69.5% | 2025 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 101 | Maldives | 69.5% | 2025 | down 8.7% | rising |
| 102 | Peru | 69.1% | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 103 | North Macedonia | 68.0% | 2025 | up 17.2% | rising |
| 104 | Kyrgyzstan | 67.7% | 2025 | up 9.4% | rising |
| 105 | Sao Tome and Principe | 67.6% | 2025 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 106 | Eswatini | 66.3% | 2025 | up 2.7% | rising |
| 107 | Guatemala | 65.5% | 2025 | down 9.9% | rising |
| 108 | Gabon | 65.3% | 2025 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 109 | Türkiye | 64.5% | 2025 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 110 | Serbia | 63.7% | 2025 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 111 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 63.3% | 2025 | up 9.7% | rising |
| 112 | Haiti | 62.9% | 2025 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 113 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 62.8% | 2025 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 114 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 62.0% | 2025 | up 12.8% | rising |
| 115 | Mongolia | 61.5% | 2025 | up 15.3% | rising |
| 116 | Mauritania | 60.5% | 2025 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 117 | Tonga | 60.4% | 2025 | up 23.6% | rising |
| 118 | Ecuador | 60.2% | 2025 | down 10.0% | falling |
| 119 | Nigeria | 59.9% | 2025 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 120 | Tunisia | 59.9% | 2025 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 121 | Armenia | 58.9% | 2025 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 122 | Papua New Guinea | 58.7% | 2025 | down 17.0% | falling |
| 123 | Indonesia | 58.7% | 2025 | up 11.5% | rising |
| 124 | Senegal | 58.7% | 2025 | down 11.0% | rising |
| 125 | Turkmenistan | 58.4% | 2025 | up 9.8% | rising |
| 126 | Uzbekistan | 57.7% | 2025 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 127 | Fiji | 57.4% | 2025 | up 9.5% | falling |
| 128 | China | 56.5% | 2025 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 129 | Thailand | 56.3% | 2025 | up 14.1% | rising |
| 130 | Gambia | 56.2% | 2025 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 131 | Ghana | 56.0% | 2025 | up 31.9% | rising |
| 132 | Georgia | 55.6% | 2025 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 133 | Comoros | 55.5% | 2025 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 134 | Azerbaijan | 54.1% | 2025 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 135 | Solomon Islands | 53.1% | 2025 | down 1.9% | flat |
| 136 | Liberia | 51.9% | 2025 | down 2.8% | rising |
| 137 | Timor-Leste | 51.9% | 2025 | up 21.0% | rising |
| 138 | Somalia | 50.9% | 2025 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 139 | Sierra Leone | 50.0% | 2025 | up 17.3% | rising |
| 140 | Sri Lanka | 49.9% | 2025 | up 18.1% | rising |
| 141 | Vanuatu | 49.4% | 2025 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 142 | Albania | 48.0% | 2025 | up 25.7% | rising |
| 143 | Benin | 47.2% | 2025 | down 7.2% | rising |
| 144 | Sudan | 47.0% | 2022 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 145 | Rwanda | 46.6% | 2025 | up 65.4% | rising |
| 146 | Nepal | 46.5% | 2025 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 147 | Côte d'Ivoire | 46.4% | 2025 | down 4.5% | rising |
| 148 | Morocco | 46.1% | 2025 | up 39.4% | rising |
| 149 | Togo | 45.5% | 2025 | down 13.0% | flat |
| 150 | Ethiopia | 45.1% | 2025 | up 38.5% | rising |
| 151 | Congo | 45.1% | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 152 | Yemen | 45.0% | 2025 | up 16.6% | volatile |
| 153 | Viet Nam | 44.7% | 2025 | up 26.8% | rising |
| 154 | Lesotho | 44.5% | 2025 | down 4.3% | falling |
| 155 | Myanmar | 44.4% | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 156 | Cameroon | 43.1% | 2025 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 157 | Angola | 42.4% | 2025 | up 9.6% | falling |
| 158 | Kenya | 42.1% | 2025 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 159 | Guinea | 41.3% | 2025 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 160 | Republic of Moldova | 41.1% | 2025 | up 20.3% | falling |
| 161 | Equatorial Guinea | 39.2% | 2025 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 162 | Cambodia | 38.6% | 2025 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 163 | Zambia | 38.4% | 2025 | up 35.2% | volatile |
| 164 | Bhutan | 38.0% | 2025 | up 56.3% | rising |
| 165 | Zimbabwe | 35.4% | 2025 | up 31.2% | falling |
| 166 | Eritrea | 34.6% | 2025 | up 6.7% | flat |
| 167 | South Sudan | 33.3% | 2023 | down 5.1% | flat |
| 168 | Burkina Faso | 31.7% | 2025 | up 12.2% | rising |
| 169 | Tajikistan | 31.7% | 2025 | up 10.7% | rising |
| 170 | Mali | 31.5% | 2025 | down 1.5% | rising |
| 171 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 29.0% | 2025 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 172 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 28.2% | 2025 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 173 | Guinea-Bissau | 27.2% | 2025 | up 5.4% | flat |
| 174 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 25.9% | 2025 | up 17.9% | rising |
| 175 | Uganda | 25.6% | 2025 | up 28.5% | rising |
| 176 | Malawi | 24.2% | 2025 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 177 | India | 24.0% | 2025 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 178 | Madagascar | 22.4% | 2025 | up 31.2% | rising |
| 179 | Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | 21.8% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 180 | Central African Republic | 19.4% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 181 | Chad | 19.4% | 2025 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 182 | Pakistan | 18.8% | 2025 | up 39.6% | falling |
| 183 | Mozambique | 17.0% | 2025 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 184 | Bangladesh | 16.3% | 2025 | down 23.8% | rising |
| 185 | Niger | 10.3% | 2025 | down 29.2% | falling |
| 186 | Burundi | 6.3% | 2025 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 187 | Afghanistan | 3.7% | 2025 | down 81.3% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Chagai 95.2%
- North America 90.8%
- Post-demographic dividend 88.1%
- Euro area 87.1%
- High income 87.0%
- OECD members 86.1%
- Caribbean Small States 86.0%
- European Union 85.5%
- Europe & Central Asia 81.6%
- Latin America & Caribbean 81.0%
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 80.9%
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 80.7%
- Central Europe and the Baltics 77.5%
- Other small states 76.8%
- Small states 76.3%
- Arab World 74.3%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 73.7%
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 63.6%
- Upper middle income 62.4%
- Late-demographic dividend 61.6%
- East Asia & Pacific 59.4%
- World 58.2%
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 56.8%
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 56.2%
- IBRD only 56.1%
- Pacific island small states 55.1%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 52.6%
- Middle income 52.2%
- IDA & IBRD total 51.7%
- Africa Western and Central 50.4%
- Low & middle income 50.0%
- IDA blend 48.6%
- Early-demographic dividend 45.3%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 43.7%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 43.7%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 42.6%
- Sub-Saharan Africa 42.6%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 42.6%
- Pre-demographic dividend 39.9%
- IDA total 38.6%
About this data
Employment is defined as persons of working age who were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangement. The services sector consists of wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services, in accordance with divisions 6-9 (ISIC 2) or categories G-Q (ISIC 3) or categories G-U (ISIC 4).