Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), per square kilometre by country
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
186
Highest
0.1074 units per square kilometre
Singapore
Lowest
0 units per square kilometre
Mongolia
Median
0.0012 units per square kilometre
Years covered
19
2005–2023
Data points
3,569
What the numbers show
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), per square kilometre is currently reported for 186 countries. The highest value is 0.1074 units per square kilometre in Singapore; the lowest is 0 units per square kilometre in Mongolia.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.0012 units per square kilometre, and the mean is 0.0048 units per square kilometre.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 18,247.
Over the past decade 106 countries rose and 80 fell. The largest increase was in Eswatini (up 622.9%), and the largest decrease in Egypt (down 87.7%).
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), per: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 0.1074 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 40.0% | falling |
| 2 | Maldives | 0.0815 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.2% | rising |
| 3 | Macau, China | 0.0662 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 4 | Hong Kong, China | 0.0394 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.5% | falling |
| 5 | Malta | 0.0334 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.7% | rising |
| 6 | Bahrain | 0.0289 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.0% | rising |
| 7 | Rwanda | 0.0242 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.1% | rising |
| 8 | Benin | 0.0206 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.6% | rising |
| 9 | Haiti | 0.0204 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.8% | rising |
| 10 | Barbados | 0.019 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 154.9% | volatile |
| 11 | Netherlands | 0.0189 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.2% | falling |
| 12 | Bangladesh | 0.0179 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 135.5% | rising |
| 13 | Burundi | 0.0148 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.3% | rising |
| 14 | Ethiopia | 0.0129 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.1% | rising |
| 15 | Philippines | 0.0118 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.0% | rising |
| 16 | Saint Lucia | 0.0116 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 17 | Azerbaijan | 0.0112 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 18 | Nigeria | 0.0105 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.4% | rising |
| 19 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0099 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 20 | El Salvador | 0.0097 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.4% | rising |
| 21 | Gambia | 0.0093 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.9% | rising |
| 22 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.0093 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.3% | flat |
| 23 | Switzerland | 0.0081 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.3% | rising |
| 24 | Puerto Rico | 0.008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.6% | falling |
| 25 | Mauritius | 0.0077 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 26 | Republic of Korea | 0.0075 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 542.5% | volatile |
| 27 | United States Virgin Islands | 0.0073 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.1% | falling |
| 28 | India | 0.0071 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.7% | rising |
| 29 | Cape Verde | 0.007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.9% | rising |
| 30 | Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | 0.0067 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 31 | Belgium | 0.0067 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 32 | Qatar | 0.0066 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.3% | rising |
| 33 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.0065 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 32.4% | rising |
| 34 | Ecuador | 0.0061 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 150.7% | rising |
| 35 | Malawi | 0.0058 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.8% | rising |
| 36 | Nicaragua | 0.0057 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.4% | rising |
| 37 | Guam | 0.0055 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.5% | flat |
| 38 | Uganda | 0.0055 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 63.1% | volatile |
| 39 | Japan | 0.005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 40.6% | falling |
| 40 | Armenia | 0.0049 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 33.9% | falling |
| 41 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0.0047 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.6% | rising |
| 42 | Cyprus | 0.0045 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 38.0% | rising |
| 43 | Kuwait | 0.0045 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 113.7% | rising |
| 44 | France | 0.0044 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.9% | rising |
| 45 | Guatemala | 0.0044 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.4% | falling |
| 46 | Kenya | 0.0044 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.9% | rising |
| 47 | Comoros | 0.0041 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.5% | rising |
| 48 | Luxembourg | 0.004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 96.0% | volatile |
| 49 | Ghana | 0.0039 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.9% | rising |
| 50 | Indonesia | 0.0039 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.8% | rising |
| 51 | Nepal | 0.0038 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.0% | rising |
| 52 | Honduras | 0.0038 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.3% | volatile |
| 53 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.0038 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.9% | rising |
| 54 | Palestine, State of | 0.0036 units per square kilometre | 2022 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 55 | Lebanon | 0.0034 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 25.9% | rising |
| 56 | China | 0.0034 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.2% | falling |
| 57 | Sri Lanka | 0.0033 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.6% | falling |
| 58 | Viet Nam | 0.0032 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 27.3% | falling |
| 59 | Ireland | 0.003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 60 | Cuba | 0.003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.9% | rising |
| 61 | Türkiye | 0.003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 131.6% | volatile |
| 62 | Sierra Leone | 0.0028 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 63 | Spain | 0.0027 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.5% | rising |
| 64 | Italy | 0.0026 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.2% | rising |
| 65 | Denmark | 0.0025 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.1% | rising |
| 66 | Morocco | 0.0025 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.0% | falling |
| 67 | Portugal | 0.0025 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 44.0% | rising |
| 68 | Mexico | 0.0024 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.1% | rising |
| 69 | Afghanistan | 0.0024 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.6% | rising |
| 70 | Dominican Republic | 0.0023 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 49.2% | rising |
| 71 | Cameroon | 0.0022 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.8% | rising |
| 72 | Costa Rica | 0.0022 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 53.7% | rising |
| 73 | Israel | 0.0021 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 57.5% | falling |
| 74 | Panama | 0.0021 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.9% | rising |
| 75 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.8% | rising |
| 76 | Serbia | 0.0019 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.3% | rising |
| 77 | Iraq | 0.0019 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 55.4% | rising |
| 78 | Madagascar | 0.0018 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.9% | rising |
| 79 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0018 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.0% | rising |
| 80 | Albania | 0.0018 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 57.3% | falling |
| 81 | Bahamas | 0.0017 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 82 | Tonga | 0.0017 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.7% | rising |
| 83 | Slovenia | 0.0016 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 42.6% | rising |
| 84 | Lesotho | 0.0016 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 102.7% | rising |
| 85 | Germany | 0.0016 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 72.0% | falling |
| 86 | Eswatini | 0.0016 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 622.9% | volatile |
| 87 | Austria | 0.0016 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 27.8% | flat |
| 88 | Georgia | 0.0015 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 89 | Mozambique | 0.0014 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.6% | rising |
| 90 | Greece | 0.0014 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.4% | rising |
| 91 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.0014 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 92 | French Polynesia | 0.0013 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.4% | rising |
| 93 | Pakistan | 0.0012 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.5% | volatile |
| 94 | Guinea | 0.0012 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.1% | rising |
| 95 | Peru | 0.0012 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.6% | rising |
| 96 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 0.0011 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.7% | rising |
| 97 | Colombia | 0.0011 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 28.4% | rising |
| 98 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 0.0011 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 99 | Eritrea | 0.0011 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 100 | Togo | 0.001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 33.7% | falling |
| 101 | Yemen | 0.001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.9% | rising |
| 102 | Republic of Moldova | 0.0009 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 57.2% | falling |
| 103 | Algeria | 0.0009 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.9% | rising |
| 104 | Uzbekistan | 0.0009 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.0% | rising |
| 105 | Argentina | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.7% | rising |
| 106 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.8% | rising |
| 107 | Vanuatu | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.8% | flat |
| 108 | Malaysia | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 59.5% | falling |
| 109 | Uruguay | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.3% | falling |
| 110 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 26.7% | falling |
| 111 | Croatia | 0.0008 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.1% | rising |
| 112 | Chile | 0.0007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 47.7% | falling |
| 113 | Zimbabwe | 0.0007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 58.6% | falling |
| 114 | Djibouti | 0.0007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.4% | rising |
| 115 | South Africa | 0.0007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.6% | rising |
| 116 | Solomon Islands | 0.0007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.1% | rising |
| 117 | Niger | 0.0007 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 58.7% | rising |
| 118 | Cambodia | 0.0006 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 25.1% | falling |
| 119 | Finland | 0.0006 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.9% | rising |
| 120 | Brazil | 0.0006 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.2% | rising |
| 121 | South Sudan | 0.0006 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.3% | flat |
| 122 | Liberia | 0.0006 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.5% | rising |
| 123 | Jamaica | 0.0006 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 58.4% | falling |
| 124 | Congo | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.5% | rising |
| 125 | New Caledonia | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 34.2% | falling |
| 126 | Fiji | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 127 | Sweden | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.2% | falling |
| 128 | Czechia | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 129 | Poland | 0.0005 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 74.6% | falling |
| 130 | Romania | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 55.9% | falling |
| 131 | Myanmar | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 52.9% | falling |
| 132 | New Zealand | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.1% | rising |
| 133 | Thailand | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.6% | falling |
| 134 | Lithuania | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 43.0% | falling |
| 135 | Paraguay | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.9% | rising |
| 136 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 196.6% | rising |
| 137 | Tajikistan | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 30.8% | falling |
| 138 | Angola | 0.0004 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 23.3% | rising |
| 139 | Chad | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.8% | rising |
| 140 | Hungary | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 75.1% | volatile |
| 141 | Norway | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.3% | rising |
| 142 | Latvia | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 63.7% | falling |
| 143 | Papua New Guinea | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.9% | rising |
| 144 | Zambia | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.9% | falling |
| 145 | North Macedonia | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 66.4% | falling |
| 146 | Belize | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.0% | rising |
| 147 | Slovakia | 0.0003 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 64.6% | rising |
| 148 | Central African Republic | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 149 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 80.0% | falling |
| 150 | Gabon | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.1% | rising |
| 151 | Estonia | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.9% | falling |
| 152 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.2% | rising |
| 153 | Oman | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 79.1% | volatile |
| 154 | Senegal | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.7% | rising |
| 155 | Somalia | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.6% | rising |
| 156 | Suriname | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 157 | Sudan | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2022 | down 31.7% | falling |
| 158 | United Arab Emirates | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 91.5% | rising |
| 159 | Saudi Arabia | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 159.5% | volatile |
| 160 | Mali | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.1% | rising |
| 161 | Montenegro | 0.0002 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 61.8% | falling |
| 162 | United States of America | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 22.1% | falling |
| 163 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 60.4% | falling |
| 164 | Timor-Leste | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 38.5% | volatile |
| 165 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.3% | rising |
| 166 | Tunisia | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.8% | volatile |
| 167 | Bhutan | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.8% | falling |
| 168 | Guyana | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.2% | falling |
| 169 | Australia | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 170 | Bulgaria | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 65.8% | falling |
| 171 | Burkina Faso | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 39.4% | rising |
| 172 | Botswana | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.2% | rising |
| 173 | Libya | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.2% | rising |
| 174 | Namibia | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.8% | rising |
| 175 | Turkmenistan | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 32.0% | falling |
| 176 | Belarus | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 60.9% | falling |
| 177 | Iceland | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 178 | Ukraine | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2021 | down 11.4% | volatile |
| 179 | Kazakhstan | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.3% | volatile |
| 180 | Jordan | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.7% | rising |
| 181 | Samoa | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.6% | volatile |
| 182 | Mauritania | 0.0001 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.9% | rising |
| 183 | Egypt | 0 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 87.7% | volatile |
| 184 | Canada | 0 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 34.6% | flat |
| 185 | Russian Federation | 0 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 82.5% | falling |
| 186 | Mongolia | 0 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.2% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Chagai 0.0132 units per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0021 units per square kilometre
- World 0.0013 units per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) International Labour Organization
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.