Time-related underemployment (current ILO definition - ICLS19) (15+) by country
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series includes only countries for which the 19th ICLS definitions are applied. Persons in time-related...
What the numbers show
Time-related underemployment (current ILO definition - ICLS19) (15+) is currently reported for 59 countries. The highest value is 4,458 in Brazil; the lowest is 1.5 in Mongolia.
The median across all reporting countries is 115.86, and the mean is 400.79.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2,972.
Over the past decade 21 countries rose and 35 fell. The largest increase was in Rwanda (up 110.2%), and the largest decrease in Mongolia (down 90.4%).
Time-related underemployment (current ILO definition - ICLS19): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 4,458 | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 2 | France | 2,349 | 2024 | down 6.9% | falling |
| 3 | Japan | 2,280 | 2020 | down 22.4% | falling |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 1,729 | 2025 | down 13.7% | falling |
| 5 | Spain | 1,314 | 2025 | down 21.9% | falling |
| 6 | United States | 1,293 | 2025 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 7 | Rwanda | 1,210 | 2025 | up 110.2% | rising |
| 8 | Vietnam | 919.14 | 2024 | — | falling |
| 9 | Australia | 882.8 | 2025 | down 35.0% | falling |
| 10 | South Korea | 738.61 | 2025 | up 51.0% | rising |
| 11 | Chile | 666.05 | 2025 | down 31.4% | falling |
| 12 | Italy | 620.02 | 2024 | down 44.9% | falling |
| 13 | Netherlands | 611.6 | 2024 | up 4.1% | rising |
| 14 | Germany | 547.53 | 2024 | down 70.1% | falling |
| 15 | Canada | 312.77 | 2025 | up 1.2% | falling |
| 16 | Portugal | 246.23 | 2025 | down 34.6% | falling |
| 17 | Sweden | 236.65 | 2024 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 18 | Switzerland | 229.13 | 2025 | down 22.1% | falling |
| 19 | Belgium | 220.15 | 2024 | up 11.5% | rising |
| 20 | Zambia | 218.15 | 2024 | up 19.3% | rising |
| 21 | Finland | 216.27 | 2024 | up 57.8% | rising |
| 22 | Ireland | 204.12 | 2024 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 23 | Zimbabwe | 201.86 | 2024 | down 61.4% | falling |
| 24 | Uruguay | 162.28 | 2025 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 25 | Poland | 143.57 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 26 | Denmark | 135.72 | 2024 | up 77.6% | rising |
| 27 | Greece | 134.45 | 2025 | down 51.2% | falling |
| 28 | New Zealand | 133.88 | 2025 | up 47.1% | rising |
| 29 | Austria | 127.04 | 2025 | down 33.9% | falling |
| 30 | Angola | 115.86 | 2025 | down 80.2% | volatile |
| 31 | Norway | 107.25 | 2024 | up 17.2% | rising |
| 32 | Panama | 94.35 | 2025 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 33 | Romania | 81.54 | 2024 | down 67.4% | falling |
| 34 | El Salvador | 81.45 | 2025 | down 24.8% | falling |
| 35 | Costa Rica | 59.84 | 2025 | down 74.7% | falling |
| 36 | Botswana | 56.07 | 2024 | down 6.5% | flat |
| 37 | Hong Kong | 55.5 | 2025 | up 4.1% | rising |
| 38 | Georgia | 47.3 | 2025 | down 38.2% | falling |
| 39 | Singapore | 45.09 | 2025 | down 28.0% | falling |
| 40 | Hungary | 35.67 | 2024 | down 61.3% | falling |
| 41 | Israel | 34.53 | 2024 | down 69.1% | falling |
| 42 | Croatia | 33.48 | 2024 | down 39.9% | falling |
| 43 | Czechia | 33.17 | 2024 | down 9.8% | rising |
| 44 | Slovenia | 32.38 | 2024 | down 46.0% | falling |
| 45 | Guyana | 26.53 | 2024 | down 20.5% | falling |
| 46 | Lithuania | 24.52 | 2024 | down 37.7% | falling |
| 47 | Cyprus | 23.19 | 2024 | down 57.0% | falling |
| 48 | Latvia | 21.9 | 2024 | down 40.0% | falling |
| 49 | Slovakia | 11.92 | 2023 | down 63.9% | falling |
| 50 | Estonia | 11.48 | 2024 | up 54.6% | rising |
| 51 | Moldova | 11.09 | 2025 | down 74.6% | falling |
| 52 | Luxembourg | 10.83 | 2024 | up 99.2% | rising |
| 53 | Bulgaria | 10.83 | 2024 | down 73.6% | falling |
| 54 | Malta | 10.77 | 2024 | up 33.8% | rising |
| 55 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 9.38 | 2025 | — | falling |
| 56 | Iceland | 8.39 | 2023 | down 9.7% | falling |
| 57 | Barbados | 7.86 | 2024 | up 108.2% | rising |
| 58 | Jordan | 1.69 | 2024 | down 77.8% | flat |
| 59 | Mongolia | 1.5 | 2025 | down 90.4% | volatile |
About this data
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series includes only countries for which the 19th ICLS definitions are applied. Persons in time-related underemployment comprise all persons in employment, who satisfy the following three criteria during the reference period: a) are willing to work additional hours; b) are available to work additional hours i.e., are ready, within a specified subsequent period, to work additional hours, given opportunities for additional work; and c) worked less than a threshold relating to working time i.e., persons whose hours actually worked in all jobs during the reference period were below a threshold, to be chosen according to national circumstances. For details, refer to the Resolution concerning the measurement of underemployment and inadequate employment situations. For more information, refer to the Work Statistics -- 19th ICLS (WORK) database description.