Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) in Africa: Upper-middle income
Africa: Upper-middle income: Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) was 3,551 in 2027. ▲ Rising
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) in Africa: Upper-middle income, 2005–2027
Source: International Labour Organization.
Analysis
In 2027, time-related underemployment (ilo modelled estimates) in Africa: Upper-middle income stood at 3,551. That is the highest value across all 23 years on record.
The figure is up 1.1% on the previous year and up 9.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, time-related underemployment (ilo modelled estimates) in Africa: Upper-middle income peaked at 3,551 in 2027 and was at its lowest, 2,792, in 2006.
Africa: Upper-middle income ranks 56th of 87 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) in Africa: Upper-middle income, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 2,825 | — |
| 2006 | 2,792 | -1.2% |
| 2007 | 2,884 | +3.3% |
| 2008 | 2,885 | +0.0% |
| 2009 | 2,920 | +1.2% |
| 2010 | 2,842 | -2.7% |
| 2011 | 2,811 | -1.1% |
| 2012 | 2,933 | +4.3% |
| 2013 | 2,970 | +1.3% |
| 2014 | 2,978 | +0.3% |
| 2015 | 3,150 | +5.8% |
| 2016 | 3,153 | +0.1% |
| 2017 | 3,250 | +3.1% |
| 2018 | 3,295 | +1.4% |
| 2019 | 3,351 | +1.7% |
| 2020 | 3,502 | +4.5% |
| 2021 | 3,352 | -4.3% |
| 2022 | 3,407 | +1.6% |
| 2023 | 3,402 | -0.1% |
| 2024 | 3,434 | +0.9% |
| 2025 | 3,472 | +1.1% |
| 2026 | 3,511 | +1.1% |
| 2027 | 3,551 | +1.1% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 2,861 | 2,792 | 2,920 | 5 |
| 2010s | 3,073 | 2,811 | 3,351 | 10 |
| 2020s | 3,454 | 3,352 | 3,551 | 8 |
Countries ranked near Africa: Upper-middle income
More work & labour data for Africa: Upper-middle income
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 47,689 (2027)
- Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 49.74 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 48,189 (2027)
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate 1.2 % change on previous year (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 1.99 % change on previous year (2027)
- Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 37.54 (2027)
- Employment (ILO modelled estimates) 35,233 (2025)
- Employment 35,233 (2025)
- Employment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate 1.19 % change on previous year (2025)
- Employment (ILO modelled estimates), annual growth rate 1.19 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is time-related underemployment (ilo modelled estimates) in Africa: Upper-middle income?
- Time-related underemployment (ilo modelled estimates) in Africa: Upper-middle income was 3,551 in 2027, according to International Labour Organization.
- What is the highest time-related underemployment (ilo modelled estimates) recorded in Africa: Upper-middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 3,551 in 2027.
- What is the lowest time-related underemployment (ilo modelled estimates) recorded in Africa: Upper-middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 2,792 in 2006.
- How does Africa: Upper-middle income rank for time-related underemployment (ilo modelled estimates)?
- Africa: Upper-middle income ranks 56th out of 87 groups with data for 2027.
- Is time-related underemployment (ilo modelled estimates) rising or falling in Africa: Upper-middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 9.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Africa: Upper-middle income data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 23 observations, free to reuse under ILO Terms of Use (attribution required).
About this data
Imputed observations are not based on national data, are subject to high uncertainty and should not be used for country comparisons or rankings. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. Persons in time-related underemployment comprise all persons in employment, who satisfy the following three criteria during the reference period: a) are willing to work additional hours; b) are available to work additional hours i.e., are ready, within a specified subsequent period, to work additional hours, given opportunities for additional work; and c) worked less than a threshold relating to working time i.e., persons whose hours actually worked in all jobs during the reference period were below a threshold, to be chosen according to national circumstances. For details, refer to the Resolution concerning the measurement of underemployment and inadequate employment situations. For more information, refer to the ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST) database description.