Temporary employees by citizenship - % of total employees by country
Countries reporting
47
Highest
30.6%
Montenegro
Lowest
1.8%
Lithuania
Median
9.9%
Years covered
31
1995–2025
Data points
1,316
What the numbers show
Temporary employees by citizenship - % of total employees is currently reported for 47 countries. The highest value is 30.6% in Montenegro; the lowest is 1.8% in Lithuania.
The median across all reporting countries is 9.9%, and the mean is 11.0%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 17.
Over the past decade 10 countries rose and 36 fell. The largest increase was in Montenegro (up 76.9%), and the largest decrease in Slovakia (down 60.4%).
Temporary employees by citizenship - % of total employees: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Montenegro | 30.6% | 2020 | up 76.9% | rising |
| 2 | Netherlands | 25.8% | 2025 | up 27.7% | rising |
| 2 | Netherlands | 25.8% | 2025 | up 27.7% | rising |
| 4 | North Macedonia | 19.1% | 2025 | up 51.6% | rising |
| 4 | North Macedonia | 19.1% | 2025 | up 51.6% | rising |
| 6 | Serbia | 18.7% | 2025 | down 14.2% | rising |
| 6 | Serbia | 18.7% | 2025 | down 14.2% | rising |
| 8 | Poland | 15.9% | 2025 | down 43.2% | rising |
| 8 | Poland | 15.9% | 2025 | down 43.2% | rising |
| 10 | France | 15.4% | 2025 | down 4.3% | rising |
| 11 | Spain | 15.3% | 2025 | down 39.0% | falling |
| 12 | Portugal | 15.1% | 2025 | down 31.4% | rising |
| 13 | Finland | 14.6% | 2025 | down 4.6% | falling |
| 14 | Cyprus | 14.4% | 2025 | down 21.3% | rising |
| 15 | Italy | 13.5% | 2025 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 16 | Sweden | 13.3% | 2025 | down 22.7% | rising |
| 17 | Switzerland | 13.1% | 2025 | down 4.4% | rising |
| 18 | Denmark | 12.6% | 2025 | up 50.0% | rising |
| 19 | Türkiye | 12.2% | 2025 | down 7.6% | flat |
| 20 | Germany | 11.5% | 2025 | down 12.2% | flat |
| 20 | Iceland | 11.5% | 2025 | down 10.2% | rising |
| 22 | Belgium | 11.3% | 2025 | up 25.6% | rising |
| 23 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10.3% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 24 | Slovenia | 9.9% | 2025 | down 44.7% | flat |
| 24 | Slovenia | 9.9% | 2025 | down 44.7% | flat |
| 26 | Greece | 9.6% | 2025 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 27 | Malta | 9.4% | 2025 | up 22.1% | rising |
| 28 | Luxembourg | 9.2% | 2025 | down 9.8% | rising |
| 29 | Croatia | 8.7% | 2025 | down 56.7% | rising |
| 29 | Croatia | 8.7% | 2025 | down 56.7% | rising |
| 31 | Austria | 8.3% | 2025 | down 8.8% | rising |
| 31 | Norway | 8.3% | 2025 | up 3.8% | falling |
| 33 | Czechia | 8.0% | 2025 | down 23.1% | flat |
| 34 | Ireland | 7.4% | 2025 | down 22.9% | rising |
| 35 | United Kingdom | 5.2% | 2019 | down 7.1% | falling |
| 35 | United Kingdom | 5.2% | 2019 | down 7.1% | falling |
| 37 | Hungary | 4.6% | 2025 | down 59.6% | falling |
| 38 | Slovakia | 4.2% | 2025 | down 60.4% | rising |
| 38 | Slovakia | 4.2% | 2025 | down 60.4% | rising |
| 40 | Estonia | 3.4% | 2025 | down 2.9% | rising |
| 40 | Estonia | 3.4% | 2025 | down 2.9% | rising |
| 42 | Bulgaria | 2.8% | 2025 | down 36.4% | falling |
| 43 | Latvia | 2.7% | 2025 | down 28.9% | falling |
| 43 | Latvia | 2.7% | 2025 | down 28.9% | falling |
| 45 | Romania | 1.9% | 2025 | up 35.7% | falling |
| 46 | Lithuania | 1.8% | 2025 | down 14.3% | volatile |
| 46 | Lithuania | 1.8% | 2025 | down 14.3% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.