Labour input in wholesale and retail trade - annual data by country
Countries reporting
42
Highest
141 Index, 2021=100
Montenegro
Lowest
92.3 Index, 2021=100
Finland
Median
101.7 Index, 2021=100
Years covered
36
1990–2025
Data points
1,178
What the numbers show
Labour input in wholesale and retail trade - annual data is currently reported for 42 countries. The highest value is 141 Index, 2021=100 in Montenegro; the lowest is 92.3 Index, 2021=100 in Finland.
The median across all reporting countries is 101.7 Index, 2021=100, and the mean is 103.61 Index, 2021=100.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.
Over the past decade 33 countries rose and 9 fell. The largest increase was in Montenegro (up 45.5%), and the largest decrease in Latvia (down 11.6%).
Labour input in wholesale and retail trade - annual data: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Montenegro | 141 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 45.5% | rising |
| 2 | Malta | 116.4 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 25.4% | rising |
| 3 | Türkiye | 114.3 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 33.1% | rising |
| 4 | Greece | 113.4 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 27.1% | rising |
| 5 | Croatia | 111.5 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 11.4% | rising |
| 5 | Croatia | 111.5 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 11.4% | rising |
| 7 | Albania | 111.2 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 27.7% | rising |
| 8 | Portugal | 109.7 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 17.2% | falling |
| 9 | Cyprus | 109.1 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 32.6% | rising |
| 10 | Iceland | 108.7 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 11 | Spain | 106.8 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 12.7% | flat |
| 12 | Romania | 106.2 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 21.6% | rising |
| 13 | Ireland | 106.1 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 14 | Italy | 103.9 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 15 | Norway | 103.5 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 16 | France | 103.1 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 17 | Denmark | 103 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 18 | Luxembourg | 102.4 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 13.1% | rising |
| 19 | Netherlands | 102.1 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 19 | Hungary | 102.1 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 20.7% | rising |
| 21 | Netherlands | 101.9 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 22 | Sweden | 101.5 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 23 | Belgium | 101.1 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 24 | Slovenia | 100.6 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 24 | Slovenia | 100.6 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 24 | Switzerland | 100.6 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 24 | Germany | 100.6 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 5.1% | falling |
| 28 | Bulgaria | 100.5 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | down 0.5% | rising |
| 29 | Lithuania | 99.8 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 29 | Lithuania | 99.8 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 31 | Serbia | 99.7 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 13.7% | flat |
| 32 | Austria | 98.9 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 33 | Slovakia | 98.3 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | down 6.8% | flat |
| 33 | Slovakia | 98.3 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | down 6.8% | flat |
| 35 | Czechia | 98.1 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 36 | Poland | 95.9 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 36 | Poland | 95.9 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 38 | Latvia | 95.8 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | down 11.6% | falling |
| 38 | Latvia | 95.8 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | down 11.6% | falling |
| 40 | Estonia | 94.8 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 40 | Estonia | 94.8 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 42 | Finland | 92.3 Index, 2021=100 | 2025 | down 5.3% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro area – 20 countries (2023-2025) 103.2 Index, 2021=100
- Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) 103.1 Index, 2021=100
- Euro area - 19 countries (2015-2022) 102.8 Index, 2021=100
- European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 102.4 Index, 2021=100