Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) by country
Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Countries reporting
187
Highest
98.8%
Qatar
Lowest
3.2%
Chad
Median
69.0%
Years covered
35
1991–2025
Data points
8,211
What the numbers show
Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) is currently reported for 187 countries. The highest value is 98.8% in Qatar; the lowest is 3.2% in Chad.
The median across all reporting countries is 69.0%, and the mean is 60.7%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 30.
Over the past decade 132 countries rose and 55 fell. The largest increase was in Mali (up 78.2%), and the largest decrease in Uganda (down 16.7%).
Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qatar | 98.8% | 2025 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 2 | Kuwait | 98.6% | 2025 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 3 | Bahrain | 96.8% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 4 | Jordan | 96.7% | 2025 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 5 | Norway | 96.6% | 2025 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 6 | United States of America | 96.2% | 2025 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 7 | Macau, China | 95.8% | 2025 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 8 | Channel Islands | 95.5% | 2025 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 9 | Hong Kong, China | 95.3% | 2025 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 10 | United Arab Emirates | 94.8% | 2025 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 11 | Russian Federation | 94.4% | 2025 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 12 | Denmark | 94.3% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 13 | Germany | 94.1% | 2025 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 14 | Sweden | 93.7% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 15 | Oman | 93.6% | 2025 | down 0.6% | rising |
| 16 | United States Virgin Islands | 93.5% | 2025 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 17 | Belarus | 93.3% | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 18 | Saudi Arabia | 93.2% | 2025 | down 5.5% | flat |
| 19 | Japan | 92.5% | 2025 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 20 | Estonia | 92.4% | 2025 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 21 | Ireland | 92.2% | 2025 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 22 | Slovakia | 92.1% | 2025 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 23 | Puerto Rico | 92.0% | 2025 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 24 | Finland | 91.8% | 2025 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 25 | Cyprus | 91.7% | 2025 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 26 | Singapore | 91.7% | 2025 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 27 | Israel | 91.7% | 2025 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 28 | Croatia | 91.5% | 2025 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 29 | Lithuania | 91.5% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 30 | Iceland | 91.3% | 2025 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 31 | Brunei Darussalam | 91.2% | 2025 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 32 | Hungary | 91.2% | 2025 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 33 | Bulgaria | 91.1% | 2025 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 34 | Austria | 90.4% | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 35 | Malta | 90.3% | 2025 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 36 | Luxembourg | 90.2% | 2025 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 37 | Slovenia | 90.1% | 2025 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 38 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 90.1% | 2025 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 39 | Canada | 89.8% | 2025 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 40 | Mauritius | 89.4% | 2025 | up 11.7% | rising |
| 41 | France | 89.2% | 2025 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 42 | Romania | 89.0% | 2025 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 43 | Belgium | 88.9% | 2025 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 44 | Bahamas | 88.9% | 2025 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 45 | Spain | 88.9% | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 46 | Portugal | 88.7% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 47 | Czechia | 88.6% | 2025 | up 1.6% | falling |
| 48 | Latvia | 88.5% | 2025 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 49 | Montenegro | 88.4% | 2025 | up 3.9% | flat |
| 50 | North Macedonia | 88.4% | 2025 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 51 | New Caledonia | 88.3% | 2025 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 52 | Australia | 87.7% | 2025 | down 0.8% | rising |
| 53 | Netherlands | 87.3% | 2025 | down 2.3% | flat |
| 54 | Barbados | 86.8% | 2025 | down 2.0% | falling |
| 55 | Guam | 86.8% | 2025 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 56 | Poland | 86.4% | 2025 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 57 | South Africa | 85.3% | 2025 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 58 | Lebanon | 85.1% | 2023 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 59 | New Zealand | 85.0% | 2025 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 60 | Switzerland | 84.9% | 2025 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 61 | French Polynesia | 84.9% | 2025 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 62 | Tunisia | 84.8% | 2025 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 63 | Italy | 84.1% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 64 | Trinidad and Tobago | 83.0% | 2025 | down 2.8% | rising |
| 65 | Malaysia | 81.8% | 2025 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 66 | Saint Lucia | 81.5% | 2025 | up 3.5% | flat |
| 67 | Cuba | 81.1% | 2025 | up 0.0% | falling |
| 68 | Ukraine | 80.8% | 2021 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 69 | Korea | 80.6% | 2025 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 70 | Suriname | 79.3% | 2025 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 71 | Chile | 77.2% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 72 | Argentina | 77.2% | 2025 | down 3.4% | flat |
| 73 | Palestine, State of | 77.1% | 2022 | up 21.4% | rising |
| 74 | Libya | 76.9% | 2025 | up 1.0% | falling |
| 75 | Costa Rica | 76.7% | 2025 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 76 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 76.7% | 2025 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 77 | Algeria | 76.6% | 2025 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 78 | Syrian Arab Republic | 76.6% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 79 | Serbia | 76.0% | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 80 | Brazil | 75.3% | 2025 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 81 | Greece | 75.3% | 2025 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 82 | Kazakhstan | 74.6% | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 83 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 74.5% | 2025 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 84 | Kyrgyzstan | 74.5% | 2025 | up 17.7% | rising |
| 85 | Uruguay | 74.4% | 2025 | down 2.0% | flat |
| 86 | Morocco | 74.1% | 2025 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 87 | Türkiye | 72.7% | 2025 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 88 | Botswana | 71.9% | 2025 | up 2.9% | falling |
| 89 | Guyana | 70.8% | 2025 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 90 | Turkmenistan | 70.5% | 2025 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 91 | Egypt | 69.7% | 2025 | up 8.0% | rising |
| 92 | Uzbekistan | 69.6% | 2025 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 93 | Jamaica | 69.5% | 2025 | up 3.6% | rising |
| 94 | Mexico | 69.0% | 2025 | down 1.5% | rising |
| 95 | Dominican Republic | 68.6% | 2025 | up 1.7% | rising |
| 96 | Equatorial Guinea | 68.5% | 2025 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 97 | Maldives | 68.5% | 2025 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 98 | Fiji | 67.6% | 2025 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 99 | Lesotho | 66.4% | 2025 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 100 | Armenia | 65.6% | 2025 | up 31.0% | rising |
| 101 | Eswatini | 64.8% | 2025 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 102 | China | 64.6% | 2025 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 103 | Tajikistan | 64.3% | 2025 | up 3.6% | flat |
| 104 | Belize | 63.0% | 2025 | down 11.6% | falling |
| 105 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 63.0% | 2025 | up 12.4% | rising |
| 106 | Panama | 62.8% | 2025 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 107 | Iraq | 62.7% | 2025 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 108 | Samoa | 62.7% | 2025 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 109 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 62.2% | 2025 | down 9.3% | flat |
| 110 | Gabon | 61.4% | 2025 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 111 | Mongolia | 61.0% | 2025 | up 16.9% | rising |
| 112 | Sri Lanka | 59.6% | 2025 | up 8.8% | flat |
| 113 | Paraguay | 59.0% | 2025 | up 6.0% | rising |
| 114 | Philippines | 58.9% | 2025 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 115 | Namibia | 58.3% | 2025 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 116 | El Salvador | 57.7% | 2025 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 117 | Colombia | 57.3% | 2025 | up 3.2% | falling |
| 118 | Tonga | 57.2% | 2025 | up 26.6% | rising |
| 119 | Georgia | 57.0% | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 120 | Rwanda | 55.9% | 2025 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 121 | Sao Tome and Principe | 55.6% | 2025 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 122 | Cape Verde | 52.8% | 2025 | up 6.0% | rising |
| 123 | Albania | 51.5% | 2025 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 124 | Nicaragua | 50.9% | 2025 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 125 | Thailand | 50.2% | 2025 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 126 | Guatemala | 46.4% | 2025 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 127 | Honduras | 45.7% | 2025 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 128 | Peru | 45.3% | 2025 | up 13.1% | rising |
| 129 | Sudan | 43.2% | 2022 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 130 | Viet Nam | 41.8% | 2025 | up 21.8% | rising |
| 131 | Eritrea | 41.0% | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 132 | Republic of Moldova | 40.5% | 2025 | up 0.6% | falling |
| 133 | Indonesia | 39.6% | 2025 | down 2.0% | rising |
| 134 | Ecuador | 39.3% | 2025 | down 8.7% | flat |
| 135 | Cambodia | 39.2% | 2025 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 136 | Djibouti | 37.3% | 2025 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 137 | Vanuatu | 36.4% | 2025 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 138 | Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | 36.2% | 2025 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 139 | Myanmar | 34.8% | 2025 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 140 | Yemen | 34.8% | 2025 | up 5.9% | flat |
| 141 | Bangladesh | 34.7% | 2025 | up 27.9% | rising |
| 142 | Somalia | 33.6% | 2025 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 143 | Malawi | 32.6% | 2025 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 144 | Comoros | 30.5% | 2025 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 145 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 30.3% | 2025 | up 18.7% | rising |
| 146 | Azerbaijan | 28.4% | 2025 | up 0.8% | falling |
| 147 | Mauritania | 28.1% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 148 | Pakistan | 26.7% | 2025 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 149 | Ghana | 26.3% | 2025 | up 63.4% | rising |
| 150 | Kenya | 26.0% | 2025 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 151 | Senegal | 23.8% | 2025 | down 8.2% | falling |
| 152 | Cameroon | 21.9% | 2025 | up 49.2% | rising |
| 153 | Zimbabwe | 21.6% | 2025 | up 1.5% | falling |
| 154 | India | 21.2% | 2025 | up 24.8% | rising |
| 155 | Solomon Islands | 20.4% | 2025 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 156 | Timor-Leste | 20.2% | 2025 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 157 | Zambia | 19.9% | 2025 | up 38.9% | rising |
| 158 | Côte d'Ivoire | 19.1% | 2025 | up 28.3% | rising |
| 159 | Mali | 18.4% | 2025 | up 78.2% | rising |
| 160 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 18.2% | 2025 | up 20.4% | rising |
| 161 | Gambia | 17.7% | 2025 | up 10.9% | rising |
| 162 | Bhutan | 17.7% | 2025 | up 19.8% | falling |
| 163 | Benin | 15.8% | 2025 | up 47.2% | rising |
| 164 | South Sudan | 15.1% | 2023 | up 31.6% | rising |
| 165 | Haiti | 15.0% | 2025 | down 7.3% | rising |
| 166 | Togo | 14.9% | 2025 | up 49.7% | rising |
| 167 | Guinea-Bissau | 14.5% | 2025 | up 9.4% | rising |
| 168 | Papua New Guinea | 14.5% | 2025 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 169 | Angola | 14.4% | 2025 | down 1.3% | volatile |
| 170 | Ethiopia | 13.3% | 2025 | up 31.5% | rising |
| 171 | Uganda | 12.1% | 2025 | down 16.7% | rising |
| 172 | Central African Republic | 11.7% | 2025 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 173 | Burkina Faso | 11.1% | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 174 | Nigeria | 10.5% | 2025 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 175 | Guinea | 10.1% | 2025 | up 37.7% | volatile |
| 176 | Congo | 9.9% | 2025 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 177 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 9.5% | 2025 | up 12.0% | rising |
| 178 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 9.4% | 2025 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 179 | Burundi | 9.4% | 2025 | up 65.2% | rising |
| 180 | Madagascar | 9.4% | 2025 | up 17.0% | falling |
| 181 | Liberia | 9.3% | 2025 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 182 | Nepal | 9.2% | 2025 | up 28.2% | rising |
| 183 | Mozambique | 8.7% | 2025 | up 57.5% | volatile |
| 184 | Afghanistan | 6.5% | 2025 | up 4.1% | volatile |
| 185 | Sierra Leone | 5.2% | 2025 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 186 | Niger | 4.6% | 2025 | up 27.7% | falling |
| 187 | Chad | 3.2% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Chagai 95.5%
- North America 95.4%
- Post-demographic dividend 91.5%
- High income 91.3%
- Euro area 89.5%
- European Union 89.5%
- Central Europe and the Baltics 88.7%
- OECD members 87.5%
- Europe & Central Asia 86.8%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 83.1%
- Caribbean Small States 80.0%
- Arab World 76.2%
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 69.3%
- Other small states 68.5%
- Small states 67.6%
- Late-demographic dividend 66.4%
- Latin America & Caribbean 66.0%
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 65.7%
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 65.3%
- Upper middle income 62.0%
- East Asia & Pacific 61.6%
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 58.6%
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 58.3%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 57.2%
- IBRD only 55.4%
- World 54.6%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 48.8%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 48.8%
- Middle income 47.3%
- IDA & IBRD total 46.4%
- Low & middle income 44.2%
- Pacific island small states 39.5%
- Early-demographic dividend 37.5%
- Lower middle income 23.5%
- South Asia 23.2%
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 23.2%
- IDA only 20.1%
- Africa Eastern and Southern 19.9%
- IDA total 19.8%
- IDA blend 19.3%
About this data
Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.