Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Middle income
Middle income: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) was 48.3% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Middle income, 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
The most recent figure for vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Middle income is 48.3%, measured in 2025. That is the lowest value across all 35 years on record.
That represents a change of down 0.5% on the previous year and down 2.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Middle income peaked at 59.4% in 1991 and was at its lowest, 48.3%, in 2025.
That places Middle income 20th out of 47 groups with data for 2025, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 35 years of available data.
Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Middle income, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 59.4% | — |
| 1992 | 59.2% | -0.4% |
| 1993 | 58.9% | -0.5% |
| 1994 | 58.6% | -0.6% |
| 1995 | 58.3% | -0.5% |
| 1996 | 58.0% | -0.5% |
| 1997 | 57.6% | -0.7% |
| 1998 | 57.5% | -0.1% |
| 1999 | 57.3% | -0.4% |
| 2000 | 57.0% | -0.4% |
| 2001 | 56.5% | -0.9% |
| 2002 | 56.2% | -0.6% |
| 2003 | 55.9% | -0.5% |
| 2004 | 55.3% | -1.1% |
| 2005 | 54.7% | -1.1% |
| 2006 | 54.1% | -1.1% |
| 2007 | 53.7% | -0.8% |
| 2008 | 53.2% | -0.9% |
| 2009 | 52.8% | -0.7% |
| 2010 | 52.4% | -0.9% |
| 2011 | 51.7% | -1.4% |
| 2012 | 50.9% | -1.5% |
| 2013 | 50.6% | -0.7% |
| 2014 | 50.1% | -0.9% |
| 2015 | 49.6% | -1.0% |
| 2016 | 49.3% | -0.6% |
| 2017 | 49.0% | -0.5% |
| 2018 | 48.7% | -0.7% |
| 2019 | 48.6% | -0.2% |
| 2020 | 49.1% | +1.0% |
| 2021 | 49.0% | -0.2% |
| 2022 | 49.1% | +0.2% |
| 2023 | 48.8% | -0.6% |
| 2024 | 48.6% | -0.5% |
| 2025 | 48.3% | -0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 58.3% | 57.3% | 59.4% | 9 |
| 2000s | 54.9% | 52.8% | 57.0% | 10 |
| 2010s | 50.1% | 48.6% | 52.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 48.8% | 48.3% | 49.1% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Middle income
More work & labour data for Middle income
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 60.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 32.3% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 49.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 41.1% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 51.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 79.3% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 47.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 65.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 74.3% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 65.9% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Middle income?
- Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Middle income was 48.3% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) recorded in Middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 59.4% in 1991.
- What is the lowest vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) recorded in Middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 48.3% in 2025.
- How does Middle income rank for vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment)?
- Middle income ranks 20th out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) rising or falling in Middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is down 2.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Middle income data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.