Labour force by citizenship by country
Countries reporting
47
Highest
44,004 Thousand persons
Germany
Lowest
236.2 Thousand persons
Iceland
Median
3,039 Thousand persons
Years covered
31
1995–2025
Data points
1,321
What the numbers show
Labour force by citizenship is currently reported for 47 countries. The highest value is 44,004 Thousand persons in Germany; the lowest is 236.2 Thousand persons in Iceland.
The median across all reporting countries is 3,039 Thousand persons, and the mean is 8,060 Thousand persons.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 186.
Over the past decade 37 countries rose and 9 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 61.9%), and the largest decrease in North Macedonia (down 16.5%).
Labour force by citizenship: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 44,004 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 2 | Türkiye | 35,377 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 19.8% | rising |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 33,796 Thousand persons | 2019 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 33,796 Thousand persons | 2019 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 5 | France | 31,782 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 6 | Italy | 25,629 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 7 | Spain | 24,811 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 8 | Poland | 17,745 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 2.2% | flat |
| 8 | Poland | 17,745 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 2.2% | flat |
| 10 | Netherlands | 10,229 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 14.8% | rising |
| 10 | Netherlands | 10,229 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 14.8% | rising |
| 12 | Romania | 8,190 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 10.6% | falling |
| 13 | Sweden | 5,773 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 10.5% | rising |
| 14 | Portugal | 5,582 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 15 | Belgium | 5,478 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 16 | Czechia | 5,378 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 17 | Switzerland | 5,086 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 18 | Hungary | 4,885 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 19 | Austria | 4,758 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 8.5% | rising |
| 20 | Greece | 4,752 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 1.0% | rising |
| 21 | Denmark | 3,282 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 22 | Serbia | 3,120 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 22 | Serbia | 3,120 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 24 | Norway | 3,039 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 10.1% | rising |
| 25 | Bulgaria | 3,028 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 26 | Ireland | 2,934 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 29.1% | rising |
| 27 | Finland | 2,868 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 28 | Slovakia | 2,755 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 28 | Slovakia | 2,755 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 30 | Croatia | 1,786 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 30 | Croatia | 1,786 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 32 | Lithuania | 1,566 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 6.9% | falling |
| 32 | Lithuania | 1,566 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 6.9% | falling |
| 34 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,421 Thousand persons | 2025 | — | flat |
| 35 | Slovenia | 1,034 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 35 | Slovenia | 1,034 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 37 | Latvia | 948.9 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 4.6% | falling |
| 37 | Latvia | 948.9 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 4.6% | falling |
| 39 | North Macedonia | 795.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 16.5% | falling |
| 39 | North Macedonia | 795.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 16.5% | falling |
| 41 | Estonia | 749.3 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 41 | Estonia | 749.3 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 43 | Cyprus | 524.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 25.1% | rising |
| 44 | Luxembourg | 350.4 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 27.3% | rising |
| 45 | Malta | 338.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 61.9% | rising |
| 46 | Montenegro | 266.6 Thousand persons | 2020 | up 9.7% | rising |
| 47 | Iceland | 236.2 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 23.5% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 221,162 Thousand persons
- Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) 175,909 Thousand persons