Employment in services, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income
Lower middle income: Employment in services, female (% of female employment) was 35.7% in 2025. ▲ Rising
Employment in services, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income, 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
Lower middle income recorded 35.7% for employment in services, female (% of female employment) in 2025.
That represents a change of up 1.5% on the previous year and up 1.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, employment in services, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income peaked at 38.4% in 2018 and was at its lowest, 23.0%, in 1991.
Lower middle income ranks 41st of 47 groups on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 35 years of available data.
Employment in services, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 23.0% | — |
| 1992 | 23.2% | +0.6% |
| 1993 | 23.6% | +1.8% |
| 1994 | 23.7% | +0.6% |
| 1995 | 24.1% | +1.5% |
| 1996 | 24.4% | +1.4% |
| 1997 | 24.7% | +1.0% |
| 1998 | 24.7% | +0.1% |
| 1999 | 24.8% | +0.5% |
| 2000 | 24.9% | +0.1% |
| 2001 | 25.4% | +2.3% |
| 2002 | 25.8% | +1.6% |
| 2003 | 26.3% | +1.9% |
| 2004 | 26.7% | +1.3% |
| 2005 | 27.2% | +2.1% |
| 2006 | 27.8% | +2.0% |
| 2007 | 28.3% | +1.8% |
| 2008 | 28.7% | +1.7% |
| 2009 | 29.3% | +2.1% |
| 2010 | 29.9% | +2.1% |
| 2011 | 30.9% | +3.1% |
| 2012 | 32.2% | +4.4% |
| 2013 | 33.2% | +3.0% |
| 2014 | 34.0% | +2.5% |
| 2015 | 35.0% | +3.1% |
| 2016 | 36.0% | +2.8% |
| 2017 | 37.2% | +3.1% |
| 2018 | 38.4% | +3.4% |
| 2019 | 37.8% | -1.7% |
| 2020 | 36.0% | -4.6% |
| 2021 | 35.3% | -1.9% |
| 2022 | 35.4% | +0.3% |
| 2023 | 34.5% | -2.5% |
| 2024 | 35.2% | +1.9% |
| 2025 | 35.7% | +1.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 24.0% | 23.0% | 24.8% | 9 |
| 2000s | 27.0% | 24.9% | 29.3% | 10 |
| 2010s | 34.5% | 29.9% | 38.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 35.4% | 34.5% | 36.0% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Lower middle income
- 38 France 89.0% compare
- 39 Spain 88.9% compare
- 40 Libya 88.9% compare
- 41 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 88.9% compare
- 42 Switzerland 88.7% compare
- 43 Montenegro 88.3% compare
- 44 Brunei Darussalam 88.0% compare
More work & labour data for Lower middle income
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 80.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 49.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 27.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 38.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 41.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 58.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 61.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 76.8% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 39.2% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 53.7% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is employment in services, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income?
- Employment in services, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income was 35.7% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest employment in services, female (% of female employment) recorded in Lower middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 38.4% in 2018.
- What is the lowest employment in services, female (% of female employment) recorded in Lower middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 23.0% in 1991.
- How does Lower middle income rank for employment in services, female (% of female employment)?
- Lower middle income ranks 41st out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is employment in services, female (% of female employment) rising or falling in Lower middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 1.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 35 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Employment is defined as persons of working age who were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangement. The services sector consists of wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services, in accordance with divisions 6-9 (ISIC 2) or categories G-Q (ISIC 3) or categories G-U (ISIC 4).