Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Low & middle income
Low & middle income: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) was 50.8% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Low & middle income, 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
Low & middle income recorded 50.8% for vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in 2025. That is the lowest value across all 35 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.4% on the previous year and down 1.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Low & middle income peaked at 60.5% in 1991 and was at its lowest, 50.8%, in 2025.
Low & middle income ranks 18th of 47 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 35 years of available data.
Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Low & middle income, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 60.5% | — |
| 1992 | 60.2% | -0.4% |
| 1993 | 60.0% | -0.4% |
| 1994 | 59.7% | -0.5% |
| 1995 | 59.5% | -0.4% |
| 1996 | 59.2% | -0.5% |
| 1997 | 58.8% | -0.6% |
| 1998 | 58.8% | -0.1% |
| 1999 | 58.6% | -0.4% |
| 2000 | 58.4% | -0.3% |
| 2001 | 57.9% | -0.8% |
| 2002 | 57.6% | -0.5% |
| 2003 | 57.4% | -0.4% |
| 2004 | 56.8% | -1.0% |
| 2005 | 56.3% | -0.9% |
| 2006 | 55.7% | -0.9% |
| 2007 | 55.3% | -0.7% |
| 2008 | 54.9% | -0.8% |
| 2009 | 54.6% | -0.6% |
| 2010 | 54.2% | -0.7% |
| 2011 | 53.6% | -1.1% |
| 2012 | 52.9% | -1.3% |
| 2013 | 52.6% | -0.5% |
| 2014 | 52.2% | -0.8% |
| 2015 | 51.8% | -0.9% |
| 2016 | 51.5% | -0.5% |
| 2017 | 51.3% | -0.5% |
| 2018 | 51.0% | -0.5% |
| 2019 | 50.9% | -0.1% |
| 2020 | 51.5% | +1.2% |
| 2021 | 51.3% | -0.4% |
| 2022 | 51.5% | +0.2% |
| 2023 | 51.2% | -0.5% |
| 2024 | 51.0% | -0.4% |
| 2025 | 50.8% | -0.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 59.5% | 58.6% | 60.5% | 9 |
| 2000s | 56.5% | 54.6% | 58.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 52.2% | 50.9% | 54.2% | 10 |
| 2020s | 51.2% | 50.8% | 51.5% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Low & middle income
More work & labour data for Low & middle income
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 74.3% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 79.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 52.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 42.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 50.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 33.9% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 61.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 65.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 47.6% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 67.0% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Low & middle income?
- Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Low & middle income was 50.8% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) recorded in Low & middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 60.5% in 1991.
- What is the lowest vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) recorded in Low & middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 50.8% in 2025.
- How does Low & middle income rank for vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment)?
- Low & middle income ranks 18th out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) rising or falling in Low & middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is down 1.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Low & middle income data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.