Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), per unit of GDP by country
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
185
Highest
0 units per US$ of GDP
Ethiopia
Lowest
0 units per US$ of GDP
Russian Federation
Median
0 units per US$ of GDP
Years covered
21
2005–2025
Data points
3,880
What the numbers show
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), per unit of GDP is currently reported for 185 countries. The highest value is 0 units per US$ of GDP in Ethiopia; the lowest is 0 units per US$ of GDP in Russian Federation.
The median across all reporting countries is 0 units per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 0 units per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 32,653.
Over the past decade 31 countries rose and 154 fell. The largest increase was in Eswatini (up 512.0%), and the largest decrease in Russian Federation (down 99.0%).
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), per unit: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ethiopia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 37.5% | falling |
| 2 | Burundi | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 10.9% | falling |
| 3 | Benin | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 34.7% | falling |
| 4 | Afghanistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 40.1% | falling |
| 5 | Madagascar | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 19.5% | falling |
| 6 | Mozambique | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 8.7% | falling |
| 7 | Eritrea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2011 | down 39.9% | falling |
| 8 | Central African Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 33.6% | falling |
| 9 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 27.4% | falling |
| 10 | Niger | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.5% | falling |
| 11 | Malawi | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 12 | Gambia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 29.6% | falling |
| 13 | Rwanda | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 42.9% | falling |
| 14 | Nigeria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 112.4% | flat |
| 15 | Nicaragua | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 29.5% | falling |
| 16 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 39.6% | falling |
| 17 | South Sudan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2015 | up 56.6% | rising |
| 18 | Sierra Leone | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 10.6% | falling |
| 19 | Lesotho | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 122.8% | rising |
| 20 | Chad | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.4% | flat |
| 21 | Yemen | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2018 | up 50.0% | falling |
| 22 | Kenya | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.1% | falling |
| 23 | Uganda | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 35.1% | rising |
| 24 | Cameroon | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 33.5% | falling |
| 25 | Haiti | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 46.3% | falling |
| 26 | Ecuador | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 61.4% | rising |
| 27 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 41.1% | falling |
| 28 | Congo | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 29 | Azerbaijan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 22.2% | falling |
| 30 | Nepal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 40.7% | volatile |
| 31 | Solomon Islands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 8.2% | falling |
| 32 | Guinea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 61.1% | falling |
| 33 | Liberia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 17.0% | falling |
| 34 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 39.2% | falling |
| 35 | Somalia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 36 | Cape Verde | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 44.4% | falling |
| 37 | Ghana | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 52.8% | falling |
| 38 | Vanuatu | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.1% | falling |
| 39 | Algeria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 26.5% | falling |
| 40 | Philippines | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 29.8% | falling |
| 41 | Zambia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 26.6% | volatile |
| 42 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 5.5% | volatile |
| 43 | Suriname | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 26.8% | rising |
| 44 | Sudan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 50.3% | rising |
| 45 | Mali | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 24.3% | falling |
| 46 | Morocco | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 40.2% | falling |
| 47 | Zimbabwe | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 81.7% | volatile |
| 48 | El Salvador | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 28.5% | falling |
| 49 | India | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 36.8% | falling |
| 50 | Namibia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 6.1% | rising |
| 51 | Eswatini | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 512.0% | volatile |
| 52 | Honduras | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 78.3% | rising |
| 53 | Mauritania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 29.2% | falling |
| 54 | Indonesia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.9% | falling |
| 55 | Togo | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 63.3% | volatile |
| 56 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 5.0% | rising |
| 57 | Armenia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 74.0% | volatile |
| 58 | Comoros | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 6.2% | rising |
| 59 | Peru | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 44.0% | falling |
| 60 | Guatemala | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 61 | Equatorial Guinea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 38.7% | rising |
| 62 | Papua New Guinea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 12.0% | falling |
| 63 | Bangladesh | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 51.1% | falling |
| 64 | Angola | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 34.9% | falling |
| 65 | Argentina | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 18.2% | falling |
| 66 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 41.5% | volatile |
| 67 | Libya | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 17.7% | rising |
| 68 | Djibouti | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 36.4% | falling |
| 69 | Myanmar | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 65.4% | volatile |
| 70 | Iraq | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 6.8% | falling |
| 71 | Cuba | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2020 | down 39.9% | falling |
| 72 | Maldives | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 23.2% | falling |
| 73 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 39.9% | falling |
| 74 | Botswana | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 15.1% | falling |
| 75 | Tajikistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 64.5% | volatile |
| 76 | Georgia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 60.5% | falling |
| 77 | Gabon | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 12.7% | rising |
| 78 | Paraguay | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 45.9% | falling |
| 79 | Saint Lucia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 32.7% | falling |
| 80 | Uzbekistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 44.0% | volatile |
| 81 | Colombia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 48.2% | falling |
| 82 | Mexico | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.9% | falling |
| 83 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 383.3% | volatile |
| 84 | Pakistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 156.9% | flat |
| 85 | Cambodia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 57.4% | volatile |
| 86 | Brazil | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.8% | falling |
| 87 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 66.9% | falling |
| 88 | Belize | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 26.4% | rising |
| 89 | South Africa | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 17.7% | falling |
| 90 | Viet Nam | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 52.3% | volatile |
| 91 | Panama | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 23.9% | falling |
| 92 | Sri Lanka | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.7% | volatile |
| 93 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.9% | falling |
| 94 | Tonga | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 36.3% | falling |
| 95 | Uruguay | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 13.3% | volatile |
| 96 | Chile | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 57.1% | falling |
| 97 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 1.0% | falling |
| 98 | Lebanon | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 72.9% | flat |
| 99 | Bhutan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 30.7% | volatile |
| 100 | Fiji | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 101 | Albania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 86.3% | falling |
| 102 | China | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 48.0% | volatile |
| 103 | Serbia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 72.6% | rising |
| 104 | Türkiye | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 0.3% | volatile |
| 105 | Kyrgyzstan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 88.6% | volatile |
| 106 | Republic of Moldova | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 85.8% | volatile |
| 107 | Timor-Leste | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 44.3% | falling |
| 108 | New Caledonia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 19.5% | falling |
| 109 | Palestine, State of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 34.8% | falling |
| 110 | Bahamas | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.4% | falling |
| 111 | Senegal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 67.2% | falling |
| 112 | Barbados | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 113 | Burkina Faso | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 80.4% | falling |
| 114 | Mauritius | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 22.3% | flat |
| 115 | Guyana | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 88.1% | volatile |
| 116 | Dominican Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 73.7% | falling |
| 117 | Turkmenistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 46.4% | volatile |
| 118 | Cyprus | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 79.1% | volatile |
| 119 | Oman | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 17.3% | rising |
| 120 | Portugal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 61.7% | volatile |
| 121 | France | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 34.6% | flat |
| 122 | Costa Rica | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 83.3% | volatile |
| 123 | French Polynesia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.8% | rising |
| 124 | Finland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 125 | Spain | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 52.4% | rising |
| 126 | Malaysia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 67.0% | falling |
| 127 | Kuwait | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 35.0% | rising |
| 128 | United States Virgin Islands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 32.6% | falling |
| 129 | Puerto Rico | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 14.0% | falling |
| 130 | Bahrain | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 131 | Kazakhstan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 40.1% | volatile |
| 132 | Greece | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 60.9% | rising |
| 133 | Australia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 33.1% | falling |
| 134 | Brunei Darussalam | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.0% | rising |
| 135 | New Zealand | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 9.4% | falling |
| 136 | Netherlands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 37.9% | falling |
| 137 | Guam | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 27.9% | falling |
| 138 | Japan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 34.4% | falling |
| 139 | Slovenia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 71.7% | falling |
| 140 | Republic of Korea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 27.0% | volatile |
| 141 | North Macedonia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 71.1% | volatile |
| 142 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 43.0% | falling |
| 143 | Qatar | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 16.0% | rising |
| 144 | Latvia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 75.3% | volatile |
| 145 | Belgium | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 146 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 89.1% | volatile |
| 147 | Sweden | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 16.6% | falling |
| 148 | Saudi Arabia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 149 | Mongolia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 50.7% | volatile |
| 150 | Tunisia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 28.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Malta | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 47.1% | flat |
| 152 | Thailand | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 53.9% | volatile |
| 153 | Croatia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 74.6% | falling |
| 154 | Switzerland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.1% | falling |
| 155 | Jamaica | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 72.5% | falling |
| 156 | Ireland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 41.2% | volatile |
| 157 | Iceland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 54.0% | rising |
| 158 | Lithuania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 61.2% | volatile |
| 159 | Italy | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 56.9% | rising |
| 160 | Ukraine | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 24.9% | volatile |
| 161 | Denmark | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 162 | Estonia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 41.1% | falling |
| 163 | Montenegro | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 88.4% | volatile |
| 164 | Austria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 57.7% | falling |
| 165 | Norway | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 166 | Romania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 87.5% | volatile |
| 167 | Egypt | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 84.0% | volatile |
| 168 | Belarus | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 79.7% | volatile |
| 169 | Hungary | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 78.7% | volatile |
| 170 | Poland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 82.6% | volatile |
| 171 | Canada | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 38.7% | falling |
| 172 | Samoa | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 30.5% | volatile |
| 173 | Luxembourg | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 13.2% | rising |
| 174 | Germany | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 80.7% | volatile |
| 175 | Hong Kong, China | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 43.2% | falling |
| 176 | Slovakia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 74.9% | volatile |
| 177 | Jordan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 16.8% | falling |
| 178 | Israel | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 76.0% | volatile |
| 179 | Czechia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 57.9% | falling |
| 180 | Bulgaria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 87.7% | volatile |
| 181 | United States of America | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 39.3% | falling |
| 182 | Macau, China | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 29.3% | volatile |
| 183 | Singapore | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 88.4% | falling |
| 184 | United Arab Emirates | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 70.1% | falling |
| 185 | Russian Federation | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 99.0% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0 units per US$ of GDP
- Chagai 0 units per US$ of GDP
- World 0 units per US$ of GDP
How this figure is calculated
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) International Labour Organization
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.