Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate by country
The year-on-year percentage change in Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+). Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Countries reporting
188
Highest
116.39 % change on previous year
Ukraine
Lowest
-18.2 % change on previous year
Belarus
Median
1.13 % change on previous year
Years covered
22
2006–2027
Data points
6,047
What the numbers show
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate is currently reported for 188 countries. The highest value is 116.39 % change on previous year in Ukraine; the lowest is -18.2 % change on previous year in Belarus.
The median across all reporting countries is 1.13 % change on previous year, and the mean is 1.5 % change on previous year.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 6.
Over the past decade 102 countries rose and 86 fell. The largest increase was in Sierra Leone (up 6,295.2%), and the largest decrease in Sudan (down 761.4%).
Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ukraine | 116.39 % change on previous year | 2021 | up 601.0% | volatile |
| 2 | Egypt | 18.5 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 202.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Singapore | 17.87 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 533.8% | volatile |
| 4 | Timor-Leste | 7.67 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 260.4% | volatile |
| 5 | South Sudan | 5.09 % change on previous year | 2023 | up 55.2% | volatile |
| 6 | Senegal | 4.48 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 125.7% | volatile |
| 7 | Zimbabwe | 4.43 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 276.9% | volatile |
| 8 | Niger | 4.1 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 4.4% | volatile |
| 9 | Central African Republic | 4.06 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 103.5% | volatile |
| 10 | Angola | 4.05 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 24.2% | volatile |
| 11 | Uganda | 4.04 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 80.3% | volatile |
| 12 | United Arab Emirates | 4.03 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 97.8% | volatile |
| 13 | Costa Rica | 3.86 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 146.2% | volatile |
| 14 | Syrian Arab Republic | 3.82 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 87.9% | volatile |
| 15 | Honduras | 3.71 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 68.2% | volatile |
| 16 | Zambia | 3.68 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 191.8% | volatile |
| 17 | Burkina Faso | 3.39 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 11.7% | volatile |
| 18 | Mozambique | 3.38 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 78.6% | volatile |
| 19 | Burundi | 3.35 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 71.5% | volatile |
| 20 | Dominican Republic | 3.33 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 120.3% | volatile |
| 21 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 3.26 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 12.0% | rising |
| 22 | Iraq | 3.26 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 19.7% | volatile |
| 23 | Congo | 3.24 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 13.4% | falling |
| 24 | Comoros | 3.21 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 59.2% | volatile |
| 25 | Rwanda | 3.13 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 5.7% | volatile |
| 26 | Nigeria | 3.08 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 14.8% | volatile |
| 27 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 3.08 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 12.0% | volatile |
| 28 | Gambia | 3.08 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 217.7% | volatile |
| 29 | Benin | 3.06 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 15.8% | falling |
| 30 | Botswana | 3.06 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 39.8% | volatile |
| 31 | Côte d'Ivoire | 2.99 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 7.4% | volatile |
| 32 | Eritrea | 2.94 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 128.2% | volatile |
| 33 | Afghanistan | 2.93 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 56.3% | volatile |
| 34 | Mauritania | 2.92 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 66.9% | volatile |
| 35 | Somalia | 2.91 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 6.5% | volatile |
| 36 | Ethiopia | 2.86 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 38.0% | volatile |
| 37 | Malawi | 2.8 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 1,652.7% | volatile |
| 38 | Madagascar | 2.78 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 20.2% | volatile |
| 39 | Guinea-Bissau | 2.78 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 26.2% | volatile |
| 40 | Togo | 2.77 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 110.4% | volatile |
| 41 | Solomon Islands | 2.7 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 31.3% | volatile |
| 42 | Tajikistan | 2.66 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 127.6% | volatile |
| 43 | Chad | 2.64 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 4.6% | rising |
| 44 | Paraguay | 2.63 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 69.5% | volatile |
| 45 | Namibia | 2.63 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 258.1% | volatile |
| 46 | Papua New Guinea | 2.58 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 49.5% | volatile |
| 47 | Liberia | 2.5 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 31.8% | volatile |
| 48 | Mali | 2.5 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 2.5% | volatile |
| 49 | Cameroon | 2.47 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 79.1% | volatile |
| 50 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 2.43 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 87.0% | volatile |
| 51 | Guinea | 2.42 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 51.8% | volatile |
| 52 | Vanuatu | 2.4 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 183.0% | volatile |
| 53 | Sierra Leone | 2.33 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 6,295.2% | volatile |
| 54 | Kyrgyzstan | 2.28 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 158.9% | volatile |
| 55 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 2.27 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 113.6% | volatile |
| 56 | Sao Tome and Principe | 2.26 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 57 | Turkmenistan | 2.24 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 129.2% | volatile |
| 58 | Lebanon | 2.22 % change on previous year | 2023 | down 74.1% | volatile |
| 59 | Israel | 2.15 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 577.9% | volatile |
| 60 | Oman | 2.13 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 86.0% | volatile |
| 61 | Kenya | 2.12 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 224.6% | volatile |
| 62 | Romania | 2.11 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 486.3% | volatile |
| 63 | Malaysia | 2.02 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 134.1% | volatile |
| 64 | Yemen | 2 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 55.6% | volatile |
| 65 | Nicaragua | 1.94 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 23.6% | falling |
| 66 | Gabon | 1.85 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 50.5% | volatile |
| 67 | Guatemala | 1.82 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 90.4% | volatile |
| 68 | Equatorial Guinea | 1.82 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 57.4% | volatile |
| 69 | Cape Verde | 1.72 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 295.8% | volatile |
| 70 | South Africa | 1.72 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 291.9% | volatile |
| 71 | Ghana | 1.71 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 79.9% | volatile |
| 72 | Philippines | 1.7 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 147.3% | volatile |
| 73 | India | 1.68 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 31.8% | volatile |
| 74 | Chile | 1.68 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 23.9% | volatile |
| 75 | Jamaica | 1.67 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 112.7% | volatile |
| 76 | Peru | 1.67 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 64.9% | volatile |
| 77 | Belize | 1.66 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 88.3% | volatile |
| 78 | Maldives | 1.63 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 79.7% | volatile |
| 79 | Cambodia | 1.59 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 109.4% | volatile |
| 80 | Haiti | 1.58 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 20.7% | volatile |
| 81 | Bangladesh | 1.5 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 103.7% | volatile |
| 82 | Bhutan | 1.49 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 168.6% | volatile |
| 83 | Kazakhstan | 1.46 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 427.0% | volatile |
| 84 | Djibouti | 1.39 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 42.6% | volatile |
| 85 | Suriname | 1.36 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 15.4% | volatile |
| 86 | Colombia | 1.35 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 188.2% | volatile |
| 87 | Myanmar | 1.35 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 81.7% | volatile |
| 88 | Türkiye | 1.34 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 88.7% | volatile |
| 89 | Panama | 1.33 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 89.4% | volatile |
| 90 | Indonesia | 1.26 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 89.3% | volatile |
| 91 | Guam | 1.22 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 125.8% | volatile |
| 92 | Australia | 1.21 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 72.2% | volatile |
| 93 | Albania | 1.15 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 105.6% | volatile |
| 94 | Western Sahara | 1.13 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 67.1% | falling |
| 95 | Libya | 1.13 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 45.4% | volatile |
| 96 | El Salvador | 1.13 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 121.1% | volatile |
| 97 | Ecuador | 1.09 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 91.5% | volatile |
| 98 | Argentina | 1.08 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 80.2% | volatile |
| 99 | Republic of Moldova | 1.08 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 112.2% | volatile |
| 100 | Saudi Arabia | 1.07 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 81.6% | volatile |
| 101 | Cyprus | 1.06 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 111.4% | volatile |
| 102 | Mexico | 1.03 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 576.6% | volatile |
| 103 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1.02 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 129.0% | volatile |
| 104 | Ireland | 1.01 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 70.1% | volatile |
| 105 | Uzbekistan | 0.9838 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 117.2% | volatile |
| 106 | Iceland | 0.9603 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 84.1% | volatile |
| 107 | Guyana | 0.9445 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 17.6% | volatile |
| 108 | Lesotho | 0.9184 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 158.6% | volatile |
| 109 | Fiji | 0.8884 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 99.8% | volatile |
| 110 | Bahrain | 0.8401 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 95.0% | volatile |
| 111 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.8271 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 113.1% | volatile |
| 112 | Nepal | 0.8195 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 347.1% | volatile |
| 113 | Kuwait | 0.8108 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 95.4% | volatile |
| 114 | Algeria | 0.8008 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 80.6% | volatile |
| 115 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 0.7884 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 99.2% | volatile |
| 116 | Georgia | 0.7072 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 112.8% | volatile |
| 117 | Sweden | 0.6772 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 115.6% | volatile |
| 118 | Hungary | 0.657 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 103.8% | volatile |
| 119 | Eswatini | 0.6501 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 99.2% | volatile |
| 120 | Denmark | 0.5853 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 102.7% | volatile |
| 121 | Morocco | 0.5581 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 142.0% | volatile |
| 122 | Qatar | 0.5451 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 95.6% | volatile |
| 123 | Montenegro | 0.5353 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 132.6% | volatile |
| 124 | Saint Lucia | 0.4953 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 22.0% | volatile |
| 125 | Japan | 0.4365 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 110.3% | volatile |
| 126 | Greece | 0.4265 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 111.4% | volatile |
| 127 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.3924 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 98.7% | volatile |
| 128 | Azerbaijan | 0.3919 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 74.0% | volatile |
| 129 | Bahamas | 0.3856 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 11.3% | volatile |
| 130 | Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | 0.3499 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 78.8% | volatile |
| 131 | Uruguay | 0.3413 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 124.2% | volatile |
| 132 | Puerto Rico | 0.3133 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 111.5% | volatile |
| 133 | Sri Lanka | 0.3107 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 98.5% | volatile |
| 134 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.2645 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 93.9% | volatile |
| 135 | Luxembourg | 0.2485 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 104.3% | volatile |
| 136 | Pakistan | 0.2079 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 99.6% | volatile |
| 137 | Norway | 0.1938 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 102.3% | volatile |
| 138 | Tonga | 0.1663 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 112.5% | volatile |
| 139 | Brazil | 0.1526 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 99.4% | volatile |
| 140 | New Zealand | 0.1118 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 98.2% | volatile |
| 141 | Taiwan, China | 0.1076 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 93.4% | volatile |
| 142 | New Caledonia | 0.0506 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 101.1% | volatile |
| 143 | Netherlands | 0.0003 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 144 | France | -0.1476 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 95.5% | volatile |
| 145 | Republic of Korea | -0.2309 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 101.9% | volatile |
| 146 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | -0.2889 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 29.1% | volatile |
| 147 | Slovenia | -0.2903 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 103.0% | volatile |
| 148 | Serbia | -0.3081 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 96.3% | volatile |
| 149 | Barbados | -0.3088 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 89.4% | volatile |
| 150 | Mauritius | -0.3356 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 101.9% | volatile |
| 151 | French Polynesia | -0.3626 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 121.1% | volatile |
| 152 | North Macedonia | -0.3826 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 96.3% | volatile |
| 153 | Viet Nam | -0.384 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 129.4% | volatile |
| 154 | Finland | -0.4176 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 93.2% | volatile |
| 155 | Canada | -0.4386 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 110.0% | volatile |
| 156 | Spain | -0.4435 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 335.3% | volatile |
| 157 | Belgium | -0.5616 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 92.1% | volatile |
| 158 | Portugal | -0.58 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 92.9% | volatile |
| 159 | Trinidad and Tobago | -0.6112 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 37.0% | volatile |
| 160 | China | -0.6429 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 476.0% | volatile |
| 161 | Switzerland | -0.8052 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 109.5% | volatile |
| 162 | United States Virgin Islands | -0.8976 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 104.3% | volatile |
| 163 | Malta | -0.9389 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 94.4% | volatile |
| 164 | Italy | -1.05 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 71.4% | volatile |
| 165 | Germany | -1.15 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 77.8% | volatile |
| 166 | Armenia | -1.17 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 81.9% | volatile |
| 167 | Latvia | -1.27 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 88.9% | volatile |
| 168 | Cuba | -1.51 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 451.8% | volatile |
| 169 | Estonia | -1.52 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 96.2% | volatile |
| 170 | Austria | -1.63 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 70.6% | volatile |
| 171 | Czechia | -1.91 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 85.0% | volatile |
| 172 | Lithuania | -1.95 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 86.3% | volatile |
| 173 | Macau, China | -1.98 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 231.4% | volatile |
| 174 | Croatia | -2.31 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 89.8% | volatile |
| 175 | Tunisia | -2.41 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 71.8% | volatile |
| 176 | Poland | -2.44 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 70.4% | volatile |
| 177 | United States of America | -2.87 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 66.1% | volatile |
| 178 | Hong Kong, China | -3.73 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 77.7% | volatile |
| 179 | Bulgaria | -3.78 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 45.6% | volatile |
| 180 | Thailand | -4.05 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 138.1% | volatile |
| 181 | Mongolia | -4.55 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 119.6% | volatile |
| 182 | Slovakia | -4.79 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 105.0% | volatile |
| 183 | Jordan | -7.08 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 121.3% | volatile |
| 184 | Samoa | -8.7 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 140.8% | volatile |
| 185 | Russian Federation | -11.98 % change on previous year | 2027 | up 9.0% | volatile |
| 186 | Sudan | -16.19 % change on previous year | 2022 | down 761.4% | volatile |
| 187 | Palestine, State of | -16.59 % change on previous year | 2022 | down 159.9% | volatile |
| 188 | Belarus | -18.2 % change on previous year | 2027 | down 269.3% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Eastern Europe: Upper-middle income 6.76 % change on previous year
- Chagai -0.3972 % change on previous year
- Central Africa 3.11 % change on previous year
- Sub-Saharan Africa: Low income 3.04 % change on previous year
- Western Africa 3.02 % change on previous year
- Africa: Low income 2.97 % change on previous year
- Sub-Saharan Africa 2.96 % change on previous year
- Eastern Africa 2.93 % change on previous year
- Sub-Saharan Africa: Lower-middle income 2.92 % change on previous year
- World: Low income 2.88 % change on previous year
- Africa: Lower-middle income 2.86 % change on previous year
- Africa 2.81 % change on previous year
- World: Lower-middle income excluding India 2.4 % change on previous year
- Arab States: Low income 2.28 % change on previous year
- Arab States 2.22 % change on previous year
- World: Lower-middle income 2.13 % change on previous year
- Americas: Lower-middle income 2.09 % change on previous year
- Latin America and the Caribbean: Lower-middle income 2.09 % change on previous year
- Asia and the Pacific: Low income 2.09 % change on previous year
- Southern Africa 1.79 % change on previous year
- Sub-Saharan Africa: Upper-middle income 1.77 % change on previous year
- World excluding India and China 1.77 % change on previous year
- World excluding BRICS 1.71 % change on previous year
- Central and Western Asia: High income 1.7 % change on previous year
- Southern Asia 1.61 % change on previous year
- Northern Africa: Lower-middle income 1.59 % change on previous year
- Southern Asia: Lower-middle income 1.58 % change on previous year
- Asia and the Pacific: Lower-middle income 1.54 % change on previous year
- Arab League 1.41 % change on previous year
- Latin America and the Caribbean: High income 1.37 % change on previous year
- Central Asia 1.37 % change on previous year
- South-Eastern Asia and the Pacific: High income 1.35 % change on previous year
- CARICOM 1.35 % change on previous year
- G20 1.34 % change on previous year
- World 1.34 % change on previous year
- South-Eastern Asia and the Pacific: Lower-middle income 1.32 % change on previous year
- Central America 1.32 % change on previous year
- Pacific Islands 1.26 % change on previous year
- Europe and Central Asia: Lower-middle income 1.25 % change on previous year
- Central and Western Asia: Lower-middle income 1.25 % change on previous year
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+). Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) International Labour Organization
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+). Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.