Temporary employees by educational attainment level, citizenship and degree of urbanisation by country
Countries reporting
45
Highest
4,316 Thousand persons
Germany
Lowest
18.4 Thousand persons
Latvia
Median
180.1 Thousand persons
Years covered
31
1995–2025
Data points
1,280
What the numbers show
Temporary employees by educational attainment level, citizenship and degree of urbanisation is currently reported for 45 countries. The highest value is 4,316 Thousand persons in Germany; the lowest is 18.4 Thousand persons in Latvia.
The median across all reporting countries is 180.1 Thousand persons, and the mean is 744.66 Thousand persons.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 235.
Over the past decade 23 countries rose and 21 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 106.3%), and the largest decrease in Slovakia (down 61.1%).
Temporary employees by educational attainment level, citizenship and: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 4,316 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 6.8% | rising |
| 2 | France | 3,804 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 3 | Spain | 2,875 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 22.4% | falling |
| 4 | Türkiye | 2,804 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 20.4% | rising |
| 5 | Italy | 2,517 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 6.1% | rising |
| 6 | Poland | 2,147 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 38.8% | rising |
| 6 | Poland | 2,147 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 38.8% | rising |
| 8 | Netherlands | 2,045 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 51.1% | rising |
| 8 | Netherlands | 2,045 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 51.1% | rising |
| 10 | United Kingdom | 1,358 Thousand persons | 2019 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 10 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 1,358 Thousand persons | 2019 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 12 | Portugal | 658.4 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 18.4% | rising |
| 13 | Sweden | 578.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 17.8% | rising |
| 14 | Switzerland | 513.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 0.6% | rising |
| 15 | Belgium | 476.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 38.0% | rising |
| 16 | Serbia | 407.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 17 | Denmark | 342.9 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 69.0% | rising |
| 18 | Austria | 325 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 19 | Czechia | 321.4 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 21.7% | rising |
| 20 | Finland | 312.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 21 | Greece | 293.3 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 5.2% | flat |
| 22 | Norway | 214.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 12.9% | flat |
| 23 | Hungary | 180.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 57.5% | rising |
| 24 | Ireland | 174.9 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 8.5% | rising |
| 25 | Romania | 124.5 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 47.7% | falling |
| 26 | Croatia | 122.2 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 53.2% | rising |
| 26 | Croatia | 122.2 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 53.2% | rising |
| 28 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 111.9 Thousand persons | 2025 | — | falling |
| 29 | North Macedonia | 108.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 65.9% | rising |
| 30 | Slovakia | 83.5 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 61.1% | rising |
| 30 | Slovakia | 83.5 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 61.1% | rising |
| 32 | Slovenia | 81.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 40.0% | rising |
| 32 | Slovenia | 81.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 40.0% | rising |
| 34 | Cyprus | 64.5 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 35 | Bulgaria | 64.3 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 44.3% | falling |
| 36 | Montenegro | 52 Thousand persons | 2020 | up 83.7% | rising |
| 37 | Luxembourg | 27.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 16.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Malta | 26.2 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 106.3% | volatile |
| 39 | Lithuania | 22.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 7.1% | volatile |
| 39 | Lithuania | 22.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 7.1% | volatile |
| 41 | Iceland | 21.5 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 42 | Estonia | 19.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 42 | Estonia | 19.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 44 | Latvia | 18.4 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 35.7% | volatile |
| 44 | Latvia | 18.4 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 35.7% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 22,021 Thousand persons
- Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) 18,327 Thousand persons