LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ILO) in Spain
Spain: LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ILO) was 18.65 in 2025. ▲ Rising
LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ILO) in Spain, 1999–2025
Source: International Labour Organization.
Analysis
Spain recorded 18.65 for lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ilo) in 2025.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 6.2% on the previous year and down 42.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ilo) in Spain peaked at 37.85 in 2013 and was at its lowest, 13.92, in 2001.
Spain ranks 15th of 75 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 27 years of available data.
LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ILO) in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 18.61 | — |
| 2000 | 16.59 | -10.9% |
| 2001 | 13.92 | -16.1% |
| 2002 | 14.68 | +5.5% |
| 2003 | 14.78 | +0.7% |
| 2004 | 14.65 | -0.8% |
| 2005 | 21.18 | +44.5% |
| 2006 | 16.84 | -20.5% |
| 2007 | 15.79 | -6.3% |
| 2008 | 19.09 | +21.0% |
| 2009 | 27.27 | +42.8% |
| 2010 | 29.61 | +8.6% |
| 2011 | 31.14 | +5.1% |
| 2012 | 35.99 | +15.6% |
| 2013 | 37.85 | +5.2% |
| 2014 | 35.99 | -4.9% |
| 2015 | 32.55 | -9.6% |
| 2016 | 29.68 | -8.8% |
| 2017 | 27.16 | -8.5% |
| 2018 | 24.5 | -9.8% |
| 2019 | 22.96 | -6.3% |
| 2020 | 25.89 | +12.8% |
| 2021 | 25.46 | -1.6% |
| 2022 | 22.62 | -11.2% |
| 2023 | 20.68 | -8.6% |
| 2024 | 19.89 | -3.8% |
| 2025 | 18.65 | -6.2% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 18.65 is above the median for high income countries, which is 11.43, 1.6× the median. (42 countries reporting)
- Spain's 18.65 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 12.04, 1.5× the median. (39 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 18.61 | 18.61 | 18.61 | 1 |
| 2000s | 17.48 | 13.92 | 27.27 | 10 |
| 2010s | 30.74 | 22.96 | 37.85 | 10 |
| 2020s | 22.2 | 18.65 | 25.89 | 6 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More work & labour data for Spain
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Both sexes, annual -0.527 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Male, annual growth -0.5576 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Female, annual growth -0.4982 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Rural population, annual growth rate -2.05 % change on previous year (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Urban population, annual growth rate -0.1207 % change on previous year (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Urban population 39,073 1000 No (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Rural population 5,322 1000 No (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Female 17,076 1000 No (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Male 16,051 1000 No (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Both sexes 33,128 1000 No (2100)
Frequently asked questions
- What is lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ilo) in Spain?
- Lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ilo) in Spain was 18.65 in 2025, according to International Labour Organization.
- What is the highest lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ilo) recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 37.85 in 2013.
- What is the lowest lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ilo) recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 13.92 in 2001.
- How does Spain rank for lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ilo)?
- Spain ranks 15th out of 75 countries with data for 2025.
- Is lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ilo) rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 42.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) (15+). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 27 observations, free to reuse under ILO Terms of Use (attribution required).
About this data
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. For time series comparability, it includes countries that have implemented the 19th ICLS standards, for which data are also available in the Work Statistics -- 19th ICLS (WORK) database. LU4 represents the share of the extended labour force that are in unemployment, time-related underemployment or the potential labour force. Data disaggregated by level of education are provided on the highest level of education completed, classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). Data may have been regrouped from national classifications, which may not be strictly compatible with ISCED. For more information, refer to the Education and Mismatch Indicators (EMI) database description.