LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization in Spain
Spain: LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization was 4,792 in 2025. ▲ Rising
LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization in Spain, 1999–2025
Source: International Labour Organization.
Analysis
In 2025, lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization in Spain stood at 4,792.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 4.9% on the previous year and down 38.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization in Spain peaked at 9,268 in 2013 and was at its lowest, 2,536, in 2001.
Spain ranks 10th of 79 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 27 years of available data.
LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 3,292 | — |
| 2000 | 3,023 | -8.2% |
| 2001 | 2,536 | -16.1% |
| 2002 | 2,819 | +11.2% |
| 2003 | 2,945 | +4.4% |
| 2004 | 3,017 | +2.5% |
| 2005 | 4,901 | +62.4% |
| 2006 | 3,845 | -21.5% |
| 2007 | 3,686 | -4.1% |
| 2008 | 4,579 | +24.2% |
| 2009 | 6,629 | +44.7% |
| 2010 | 7,273 | +9.7% |
| 2011 | 7,638 | +5.0% |
| 2012 | 8,879 | +16.2% |
| 2013 | 9,268 | +4.4% |
| 2014 | 8,707 | -6.1% |
| 2015 | 7,808 | -10.3% |
| 2016 | 7,081 | -9.3% |
| 2017 | 6,437 | -9.1% |
| 2018 | 5,809 | -9.8% |
| 2019 | 5,484 | -5.6% |
| 2020 | 6,219 | +13.4% |
| 2021 | 6,230 | +0.2% |
| 2022 | 5,557 | -10.8% |
| 2023 | 5,162 | -7.1% |
| 2024 | 5,041 | -2.3% |
| 2025 | 4,792 | -4.9% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 3,292 | 3,292 | 3,292 | 1 |
| 2000s | 3,798 | 2,536 | 6,629 | 10 |
| 2010s | 7,438 | 5,484 | 9,268 | 10 |
| 2020s | 5,500 | 4,792 | 6,230 | 6 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More work & labour data for Spain
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Both sexes, annual -0.527 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Male, annual growth -0.5576 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Female, annual growth -0.4982 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Rural population, annual growth rate -2.05 % change on previous year (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Urban population, annual growth rate -0.1207 % change on previous year (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Urban population 39,073 1000 No (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Rural population 5,322 1000 No (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Female 17,076 1000 No (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Male 16,051 1000 No (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Both sexes 33,128 1000 No (2100)
Frequently asked questions
- What is lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization in Spain?
- Lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization in Spain was 4,792 in 2025, according to International Labour Organization.
- What is the highest lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 9,268 in 2013.
- What is the lowest lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 2,536 in 2001.
- How does Spain rank for lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization?
- Spain ranks 10th out of 79 countries with data for 2025.
- Is lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 38.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. For time series comparability, it includes countries that have implemented the 19th ICLS standards, for which data are also available in the Work Statistics -- 19th ICLS (WORK) database. LU4 represents the share of the extended labour force that are in unemployment, time-related underemployment or the potential labour force. For more information, refer to the Labour Force Statistics (LFS and STLFS) database description.