Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) was 71.0% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
In 2025, vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Sub-Saharan Africa stood at 71.0%.
The figure is down 0.2% on the previous year and down 0.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Sub-Saharan Africa peaked at 74.6% in 1995 and was at its lowest, 70.8%, in 2019.
That places Sub-Saharan Africa 6th out of 47 groups with data for 2025, putting it in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 35 years of available data.
Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Sub-Saharan Africa, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 74.3% | — |
| 1992 | 74.3% | +0.0% |
| 1993 | 74.4% | +0.0% |
| 1994 | 74.5% | +0.2% |
| 1995 | 74.6% | +0.1% |
| 1996 | 74.4% | -0.2% |
| 1997 | 74.3% | -0.2% |
| 1998 | 74.2% | -0.1% |
| 1999 | 74.1% | -0.2% |
| 2000 | 74.0% | -0.1% |
| 2001 | 74.0% | -0.0% |
| 2002 | 73.9% | -0.1% |
| 2003 | 73.8% | -0.2% |
| 2004 | 73.7% | -0.2% |
| 2005 | 73.6% | -0.1% |
| 2006 | 73.4% | -0.3% |
| 2007 | 73.2% | -0.3% |
| 2008 | 73.0% | -0.3% |
| 2009 | 72.9% | -0.1% |
| 2010 | 72.8% | -0.2% |
| 2011 | 72.6% | -0.3% |
| 2012 | 72.4% | -0.3% |
| 2013 | 72.1% | -0.4% |
| 2014 | 71.7% | -0.5% |
| 2015 | 71.5% | -0.4% |
| 2016 | 71.4% | -0.2% |
| 2017 | 71.2% | -0.3% |
| 2018 | 70.9% | -0.4% |
| 2019 | 70.8% | -0.2% |
| 2020 | 71.7% | +1.3% |
| 2021 | 71.3% | -0.6% |
| 2022 | 71.0% | -0.4% |
| 2023 | 71.4% | +0.5% |
| 2024 | 71.2% | -0.3% |
| 2025 | 71.0% | -0.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 74.4% | 74.1% | 74.6% | 9 |
| 2000s | 73.5% | 72.9% | 74.0% | 10 |
| 2010s | 71.7% | 70.8% | 72.8% | 10 |
| 2020s | 71.3% | 71.0% | 71.7% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Sub-Saharan Africa
- 3 Madagascar 84.4% compare
- 4 Ethiopia 84.1% compare
- 5 Niger 83.7% compare
- 6 Mozambique 83.7% compare
- 7 Burundi 83.7% compare
- 8 Tanzania, United Republic of 83.7% compare
- 9 Afghanistan 81.8% compare
More work & labour data for Sub-Saharan Africa
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 239,462 (2027)
- Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 70.23 (2027)
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 564,978 (2027)
- Labour dependency ratio 1.5 (2027)
- Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 5.73 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP 11,723 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ 4,279 (2027)
- Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 66.21 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 3.04 % change on previous year (2027)
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate 2.92 % change on previous year (2027)
Frequently asked questions
- What is vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Sub-Saharan Africa?
- Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) in Sub-Saharan Africa was 71.0% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) recorded in Sub-Saharan Africa?
- The highest recorded value was 74.6% in 1995.
- What is the lowest vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) recorded in Sub-Saharan Africa?
- The lowest recorded value was 70.8% in 2019.
- How does Sub-Saharan Africa rank for vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment)?
- Sub-Saharan Africa ranks 6th out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) rising or falling in Sub-Saharan Africa?
- Over the last ten years it is down 0.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Sub-Saharan Africa data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.