Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) in Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia: Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) was 14.4% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) in Europe & Central Asia, 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
In 2025, vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) in Europe & Central Asia stood at 14.4%. That is the lowest value across all 35 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.6% on the previous year and down 11.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) in Europe & Central Asia peaked at 19.0% in 1997 and was at its lowest, 14.4%, in 2025.
Europe & Central Asia ranks 41st of 47 groups on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 35 years of available data.
Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) in Europe & Central Asia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 17.5% | — |
| 1992 | 17.9% | +2.0% |
| 1993 | 18.3% | +2.1% |
| 1994 | 18.7% | +2.2% |
| 1995 | 18.8% | +0.9% |
| 1996 | 18.9% | +0.3% |
| 1997 | 19.0% | +0.6% |
| 1998 | 18.9% | -0.3% |
| 1999 | 18.7% | -1.4% |
| 2000 | 18.4% | -1.2% |
| 2001 | 18.4% | -0.3% |
| 2002 | 17.9% | -2.5% |
| 2003 | 18.0% | +0.3% |
| 2004 | 17.7% | -1.5% |
| 2005 | 17.4% | -1.8% |
| 2006 | 17.1% | -1.7% |
| 2007 | 16.7% | -2.1% |
| 2008 | 16.4% | -2.0% |
| 2009 | 16.7% | +1.6% |
| 2010 | 16.7% | +0.3% |
| 2011 | 16.7% | +0.1% |
| 2012 | 16.7% | -0.3% |
| 2013 | 16.7% | -0.1% |
| 2014 | 16.6% | -0.3% |
| 2015 | 16.4% | -1.5% |
| 2016 | 16.3% | -0.5% |
| 2017 | 16.0% | -1.8% |
| 2018 | 15.8% | -1.1% |
| 2019 | 15.7% | -0.6% |
| 2020 | 15.8% | +0.3% |
| 2021 | 15.3% | -3.1% |
| 2022 | 14.9% | -2.7% |
| 2023 | 14.6% | -1.6% |
| 2024 | 14.5% | -0.7% |
| 2025 | 14.4% | -0.6% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 18.5% | 17.5% | 19.0% | 9 |
| 2000s | 17.5% | 16.4% | 18.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 16.4% | 15.7% | 16.7% | 10 |
| 2020s | 14.9% | 14.4% | 15.8% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Europe & Central Asia
- 38 Nigeria 54.8% compare
- 39 Vanuatu 54.7% compare
- 40 Malawi 54.0% compare
- 41 East Timor 53.9% compare
- 42 Ghana 53.7% compare
- 43 Bangladesh 53.6% compare
- 44 North Korea 52.5% compare
More work & labour data for Europe & Central Asia
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 51.1% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 58.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 35.9% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 44.5% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 40.3% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 66.3% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 72.8% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 79.3% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 78.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 65.9% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) in Europe & Central Asia?
- Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) in Europe & Central Asia was 14.4% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) recorded in Europe & Central Asia?
- The highest recorded value was 19.0% in 1997.
- What is the lowest vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) recorded in Europe & Central Asia?
- The lowest recorded value was 14.4% in 2025.
- How does Europe & Central Asia rank for vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment)?
- Europe & Central Asia ranks 41st out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) rising or falling in Europe & Central Asia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 11.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Europe & Central Asia data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.