Time-related underemployment (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) (15+) in Turkey
Turkey: Time-related underemployment (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) (15+) was 2,851 in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Time-related underemployment (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) in Turkey, 2004–2025
Source: International Labour Organization.
Analysis
Turkey recorded 2,851 for time-related underemployment (previous ilo definition - icls13) in 2025. That is the highest value across all 22 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 24.4% on the previous year and up 560.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, time-related underemployment (previous ilo definition - icls13) in Turkey peaked at 2,851 in 2025 and was at its lowest, 192.32, in 2005.
Turkey ranks 3rd of 90 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Time-related underemployment (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) (15+) in Turkey, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 200 | — |
| 2005 | 192.32 | -3.8% |
| 2006 | 263.75 | +37.1% |
| 2007 | 266.93 | +1.2% |
| 2008 | 314.26 | +17.7% |
| 2009 | 502.52 | +59.9% |
| 2010 | 578.69 | +15.2% |
| 2011 | 484.5 | -16.3% |
| 2012 | 397.91 | -17.9% |
| 2013 | 433.28 | +8.9% |
| 2014 | 537.54 | +24.1% |
| 2015 | 431.79 | -19.7% |
| 2016 | 417.47 | -3.3% |
| 2017 | 362.16 | -13.2% |
| 2018 | 334.32 | -7.7% |
| 2019 | 310.58 | -7.1% |
| 2020 | 856.34 | +175.7% |
| 2021 | 1,142 | +33.4% |
| 2022 | 1,028 | -10.0% |
| 2023 | 1,435 | +39.6% |
| 2024 | 2,292 | +59.8% |
| 2025 | 2,851 | +24.4% |
Turkey compared with similar countries
- Turkey's 2,851 is above the median for upper middle income countries, which is 94.79, 30.1× the median. (30 countries reporting)
- Turkey's 2,851 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 81.54, 35.0× the median. (39 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 289.96 | 192.32 | 502.52 | 6 |
| 2010s | 428.82 | 310.58 | 578.69 | 10 |
| 2020s | 1,601 | 856.34 | 2,851 | 6 |
Countries ranked near Turkey
- 1 Indonesia 7,328 compare
- 2 Brazil 4,458 compare
- 4 France 2,349 compare
- 5 United Kingdom 1,729 compare
- 6 Bangladesh 1,709 compare
More work & labour data for Turkey
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 31,966 (2027)
- Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 54.63 (2027)
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 38,497 (2027)
- Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 8.78 (2027)
- Labour dependency ratio 1.51 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP 95,928 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ 41,171 (2027)
- Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 49.84 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 0.6505 % change on previous year (2027)
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate 1.11 % change on previous year (2027)
Frequently asked questions
- What is time-related underemployment (previous ilo definition - icls13) in Turkey?
- Time-related underemployment (previous ilo definition - icls13) in Turkey was 2,851 in 2025, according to International Labour Organization.
- What is the highest time-related underemployment (previous ilo definition - icls13) recorded in Turkey?
- The highest recorded value was 2,851 in 2025.
- What is the lowest time-related underemployment (previous ilo definition - icls13) recorded in Turkey?
- The lowest recorded value was 192.32 in 2005.
- How does Turkey rank for time-related underemployment (previous ilo definition - icls13)?
- Turkey ranks 3rd out of 90 countries with data for 2025.
- Is time-related underemployment (previous ilo definition - icls13) rising or falling in Turkey?
- Over the last ten years it is up 560.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Turkey data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of Time-related underemployment (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) (15+). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. For time series comparability, it includes countries that have implemented the 19th ICLS standards, for which data are also available in the Work Statistics -- 19th ICLS (WORK) database. Persons in time-related underemployment comprise all persons in employment, who satisfy the following three criteria during the reference period: a) are willing to work additional hours; b) are available to work additional hours i.e., are ready, within a specified subsequent period, to work additional hours, given opportunities for additional work; and c) worked less than a threshold relating to working time i.e., persons whose hours actually worked in all jobs during the reference period were below a threshold, to be chosen according to national circumstances. For details, refer to the Resolution concerning the measurement of underemployment and inadequate employment situations. Data disaggregated by level of education are provided on the highest level of education completed, classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). Data may have been regrouped from national classifications, which may not be strictly compatible with ISCED. For more information, refer to the Education and Mismatch Indicators (EMI) database description.