Share of workers in vulnerable employment in Spain
Spain: Share of workers in vulnerable employment was 10.1% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Share of workers in vulnerable employment in Spain, 1991–2025
Source: International Labour Organization (ILOEST/ILOSTAT) and World Bank staff estimates (2026) – processed by Our World in Data. Measured in %.
Analysis
The most recent figure for share of workers in vulnerable employment in Spain is 10.1%, measured in 2025. That is the lowest value across all 35 years on record.
That represents a change of down 1.8% on the previous year and down 19.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, share of workers in vulnerable employment in Spain peaked at 20.5% in 1993 and was at its lowest, 10.1%, in 2025.
Spain ranks 148th of 186 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 35 years of available data.
Share of workers in vulnerable employment in Spain, year by year
| Year | % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 20.3% | — |
| 1992 | 20.5% | +1.0% |
| 1993 | 20.5% | +0.1% |
| 1994 | 20.3% | -1.1% |
| 1995 | 19.6% | -3.7% |
| 1996 | 19.2% | -2.0% |
| 1997 | 18.2% | -5.1% |
| 1998 | 17.3% | -4.6% |
| 1999 | 16.2% | -6.6% |
| 2000 | 15.1% | -6.9% |
| 2001 | 14.8% | -1.7% |
| 2002 | 14.0% | -5.8% |
| 2003 | 13.3% | -4.5% |
| 2004 | 13.2% | -1.0% |
| 2005 | 13.2% | +0.2% |
| 2006 | 12.9% | -2.2% |
| 2007 | 12.6% | -2.2% |
| 2008 | 12.7% | +0.7% |
| 2009 | 12.1% | -4.9% |
| 2010 | 12.1% | +0.0% |
| 2011 | 11.8% | -2.3% |
| 2012 | 12.3% | +3.9% |
| 2013 | 12.7% | +2.9% |
| 2014 | 13.0% | +2.8% |
| 2015 | 12.6% | -3.3% |
| 2016 | 12.0% | -4.7% |
| 2017 | 11.9% | -0.3% |
| 2018 | 11.4% | -4.4% |
| 2019 | 11.1% | -2.8% |
| 2020 | 11.6% | +4.2% |
| 2021 | 11.4% | -1.2% |
| 2022 | 10.8% | -5.3% |
| 2023 | 10.4% | -3.9% |
| 2024 | 10.3% | -1.5% |
| 2025 | 10.1% | -1.8% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 10.1% is above the median for high income countries, which is 9.5%, 1.1× the median. (62 countries reporting)
- Spain's 10.1% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 11.3%, 89% of the median. (48 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 19.1% | 16.2% | 20.5% | 9 |
| 2000s | 13.4% | 12.1% | 15.1% | 10 |
| 2010s | 12.1% | 11.1% | 13.0% | 10 |
| 2020s | 10.8% | 10.1% | 11.6% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More work & labour data for Spain
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Both sexes, annual -0.527 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Male, annual growth -0.5576 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Female, annual growth -0.4982 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Rural population, annual growth rate -2.05 % change on previous year (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Urban population, annual growth rate -0.1207 % change on previous year (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Urban population 39,073 1000 No (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Rural population 5,322 1000 No (2050)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Female 17,076 1000 No (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Male 16,051 1000 No (2100)
- Population - Est. & Proj. — Total Population - Both sexes 33,128 1000 No (2100)
Frequently asked questions
- What is share of workers in vulnerable employment in Spain?
- Share of workers in vulnerable employment in Spain was 10.1% in 2025, according to International Labour Organization (ILOEST/ILOSTAT) and World Bank staff estimates (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest share of workers in vulnerable employment recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 20.5% in 1993.
- What is the lowest share of workers in vulnerable employment recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 10.1% in 2025.
- How does Spain rank for share of workers in vulnerable employment?
- Spain ranks 148th out of 186 countries with data for 2025.
- Is share of workers in vulnerable employment rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 19.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization (ILOEST/ILOSTAT) and World Bank staff estimates (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Share of workers in vulnerable employment. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Share of employed population who are working as independent own-account workers (self-employed without staff), or contributing family workers (self-employed in a household business or farm).