LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (ILO) … modelled in European Union 28
European Union 28: LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (ILO) … modelled was 12.15 in 2027. ▼ Falling
LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization in European Union 28, 2005–2027
Source: International Labour Organization.
Analysis
European Union 28 recorded 12.15 for lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization in 2027.
That represents a change of down 0.4% on the previous year and down 21.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization in European Union 28 peaked at 19.93 in 2013 and was at its lowest, 12.09, in 2024.
European Union 28 ranks 56th of 87 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 23 years of available data.
LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (ILO) … modelled in European Union 28, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 15.43 | — |
| 2006 | 14.81 | -4.1% |
| 2007 | 13.97 | -5.7% |
| 2008 | 14.48 | +3.7% |
| 2009 | 17.13 | +18.3% |
| 2010 | 17.93 | +4.7% |
| 2011 | 18.01 | +0.4% |
| 2012 | 19.21 | +6.7% |
| 2013 | 19.93 | +3.7% |
| 2014 | 19.27 | -3.3% |
| 2015 | 18.11 | -6.0% |
| 2016 | 16.84 | -7.0% |
| 2017 | 15.49 | -8.0% |
| 2018 | 14.12 | -8.9% |
| 2019 | 13.23 | -6.3% |
| 2020 | 15.09 | +14.0% |
| 2021 | 14.41 | -4.5% |
| 2022 | 12.59 | -12.6% |
| 2023 | 12.2 | -3.1% |
| 2024 | 12.09 | -0.9% |
| 2025 | 12.2 | +0.9% |
| 2026 | 12.2 | +0.0% |
| 2027 | 12.15 | -0.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 15.16 | 13.97 | 17.13 | 5 |
| 2010s | 17.22 | 13.23 | 19.93 | 10 |
| 2020s | 12.87 | 12.09 | 15.09 | 8 |
More work & labour data for European Union 28
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 254,923 (2027)
- Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 57.21 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 190,645 (2027)
- Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 5.68 (2027)
- Labour dependency ratio 1.16 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP 121,951 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ 82,196 (2027)
- Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 53.96 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 0.8736 % change on previous year (2027)
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate -0.3826 % change on previous year (2027)
Frequently asked questions
- What is lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization in European Union 28?
- Lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization in European Union 28 was 12.15 in 2027, according to International Labour Organization.
- What is the highest lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization recorded in European Union 28?
- The highest recorded value was 19.93 in 2013.
- What is the lowest lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization recorded in European Union 28?
- The lowest recorded value was 12.09 in 2024.
- How does European Union 28 rank for lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization?
- European Union 28 ranks 56th out of 87 groups with data for 2027.
- Is lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization rising or falling in European Union 28?
- Over the last ten years it is down 21.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this European Union 28 data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (ILO modelled estimates). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 23 observations, free to reuse under ILO Terms of Use (attribution required).
About this data
Imputed observations are not based on national data, are subject to high uncertainty and should not be used for country comparisons or rankings. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. LU4 represents the share of the extended labour force that are in unemployment, time-related underemployment or the potential labour force. For more information, refer to the ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST) database description.