LU3: Combined rate of unemployment and potential labour … modelled in European Union 28
European Union 28: LU3: Combined rate of unemployment and potential labour … modelled was 8.72 in 2027. ▼ Falling
LU3: Combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force in European Union 28, 2004–2027
Source: International Labour Organization.
Analysis
The most recent figure for lu3: combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force in European Union 28 is 8.72, measured in 2027.
The figure is down 0.7% on the previous year and down 21.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, lu3: combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force in European Union 28 peaked at 14.64 in 2013 and was at its lowest, 8.7, in 2024.
That places European Union 28 45th out of 87 groups with data for 2027, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 24 years of available data.
LU3: Combined rate of unemployment and potential labour … modelled in European Union 28, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 12.54 | — |
| 2005 | 12.45 | -0.7% |
| 2006 | 11.65 | -6.4% |
| 2007 | 10.59 | -9.1% |
| 2008 | 10.35 | -2.2% |
| 2009 | 12.4 | +19.8% |
| 2010 | 13.15 | +6.0% |
| 2011 | 13.34 | +1.4% |
| 2012 | 14.23 | +6.7% |
| 2013 | 14.64 | +2.9% |
| 2014 | 14.15 | -3.3% |
| 2015 | 13.27 | -6.3% |
| 2016 | 12.29 | -7.4% |
| 2017 | 11.16 | -9.2% |
| 2018 | 10.17 | -8.9% |
| 2019 | 9.43 | -7.3% |
| 2020 | 10.6 | +12.4% |
| 2021 | 10.38 | -2.1% |
| 2022 | 8.99 | -13.4% |
| 2023 | 8.72 | -3.0% |
| 2024 | 8.7 | -0.3% |
| 2025 | 8.79 | +1.1% |
| 2026 | 8.79 | -0.1% |
| 2027 | 8.72 | -0.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 11.66 | 10.35 | 12.54 | 6 |
| 2010s | 12.58 | 9.43 | 14.64 | 10 |
| 2020s | 9.21 | 8.7 | 10.6 | 8 |
More work & labour data for European Union 28
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 254,923 (2027)
- Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 57.21 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 190,645 (2027)
- Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 5.68 (2027)
- Labour dependency ratio 1.16 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP 121,951 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ 82,196 (2027)
- Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 53.96 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 0.8736 % change on previous year (2027)
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate -0.3826 % change on previous year (2027)
Frequently asked questions
- What is lu3: combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force in European Union 28?
- Lu3: combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force in European Union 28 was 8.72 in 2027, according to International Labour Organization.
- What is the highest lu3: combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force recorded in European Union 28?
- The highest recorded value was 14.64 in 2013.
- What is the lowest lu3: combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force recorded in European Union 28?
- The lowest recorded value was 8.7 in 2024.
- How does European Union 28 rank for lu3: combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force?
- European Union 28 ranks 45th out of 87 groups with data for 2027.
- Is lu3: combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force rising or falling in European Union 28?
- Over the last ten years it is down 21.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this European Union 28 data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of LU3: Combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force (ILO modelled estimates). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 24 observations, free to reuse under ILO Terms of Use (attribution required).
About this data
Imputed observations are not based on national data, are subject to high uncertainty and should not be used for country comparisons or rankings. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. LU3 represents the share of the extended labour force that are in unemployment or the potential labour force. For more information, refer to the ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST) database description.