LU2: Combined rate of time-related … modelled estimates 15+ in European Union 28
European Union 28: LU2: Combined rate of time-related … modelled estimates 15+ was 9.22 in 2027. ▼ Falling
LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in European Union 28, 2005–2027
Source: International Labour Organization.
Analysis
In 2027, lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in European Union 28 stood at 9.22.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.5% on the previous year and down 24.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in European Union 28 peaked at 16.39 in 2013 and was at its lowest, 9.19, in 2024.
That places European Union 28 55th out of 87 groups with data for 2027, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 23 years of available data.
LU2: Combined rate of time-related … modelled estimates 15+ in European Union 28, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 12.12 | — |
| 2006 | 11.54 | -4.7% |
| 2007 | 10.73 | -7.1% |
| 2008 | 11.33 | +5.6% |
| 2009 | 13.93 | +22.9% |
| 2010 | 14.61 | +4.9% |
| 2011 | 14.57 | -0.3% |
| 2012 | 15.73 | +8.0% |
| 2013 | 16.39 | +4.2% |
| 2014 | 15.58 | -4.9% |
| 2015 | 14.48 | -7.1% |
| 2016 | 13.28 | -8.3% |
| 2017 | 12.15 | -8.6% |
| 2018 | 10.92 | -10.1% |
| 2019 | 10.2 | -6.6% |
| 2020 | 11.38 | +11.5% |
| 2021 | 10.92 | -4.0% |
| 2022 | 9.54 | -12.6% |
| 2023 | 9.32 | -2.4% |
| 2024 | 9.19 | -1.4% |
| 2025 | 9.25 | +0.7% |
| 2026 | 9.26 | +0.1% |
| 2027 | 9.22 | -0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 11.93 | 10.73 | 13.93 | 5 |
| 2010s | 13.79 | 10.2 | 16.39 | 10 |
| 2020s | 9.76 | 9.19 | 11.38 | 8 |
Countries ranked near European Union 28
More work & labour data for European Union 28
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 254,923 (2027)
- Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 57.21 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 190,645 (2027)
- Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 5.68 (2027)
- Labour dependency ratio 1.16 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP 121,951 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ 82,196 (2027)
- Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 53.96 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 0.8736 % change on previous year (2027)
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate -0.3826 % change on previous year (2027)
Frequently asked questions
- What is lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in European Union 28?
- Lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in European Union 28 was 9.22 in 2027, according to International Labour Organization.
- What is the highest lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment recorded in European Union 28?
- The highest recorded value was 16.39 in 2013.
- What is the lowest lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment recorded in European Union 28?
- The lowest recorded value was 9.19 in 2024.
- How does European Union 28 rank for lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment?
- European Union 28 ranks 55th out of 87 groups with data for 2027.
- Is lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment rising or falling in European Union 28?
- Over the last ten years it is down 24.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this European Union 28 data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 23 observations, free to reuse under ILO Terms of Use (attribution required).
About this data
Imputed observations are not based on national data, are subject to high uncertainty and should not be used for country comparisons or rankings. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. LU2 represents the share of the labour force that are either in unemployment or time-related underemployment. For more information, refer to the ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST) database description.