LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in Northern Europe

Northern Europe: LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment was 10.12 in 2027. ▼ Falling

Latest (2027)
10.12
Change on year
up 0.1%
Rank
44th
of 87 groups
All-time high
14.55
in 2012
All-time low
8.65
in 2022
Years of data
23
2005–2027

LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in Northern Europe, 2005–2027

0510152005201620272005: 9.22006: 9.42007: 9.22008: 9.82009: 13.62010: 14.42011: 14.42012: 14.52013: 14.12014: 12.72015: 11.62016: 10.92017: 102018: 9.22019: 9.12020: 10.72021: 10.52022: 8.62023: 9.12024: 9.62025: 102026: 10.12027: 10.1

Source: International Labour Organization.

Analysis

In 2027, lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in Northern Europe stood at 10.12.

That represents a change of up 0.1% on the previous year and up 1.1% over ten years.

Over the whole period, lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in Northern Europe peaked at 14.55 in 2012 and was at its lowest, 8.65, in 2022.

Northern Europe ranks 44th of 87 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 23 years of available data.

LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in Northern Europe, year by year

Annual values for LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment (ILO modelled estimates) in Northern Europe, 2005 to 2027.
Year Value Change
2005 9.23 —
2006 9.39 +1.7%
2007 9.22 -1.8%
2008 9.84 +6.7%
2009 13.58 +38.0%
2010 14.39 +6.0%
2011 14.38 -0.1%
2012 14.55 +1.2%
2013 14.12 -3.0%
2014 12.66 -10.3%
2015 11.6 -8.4%
2016 10.85 -6.4%
2017 10.01 -7.7%
2018 9.2 -8.2%
2019 9.09 -1.2%
2020 10.67 +17.4%
2021 10.54 -1.3%
2022 8.65 -17.9%
2023 9.11 +5.3%
2024 9.61 +5.5%
2025 9.99 +4.0%
2026 10.11 +1.1%
2027 10.12 +0.1%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
2000s 10.25 9.22 13.58 5
2010s 12.08 9.09 14.55 10
2020s 9.85 8.65 10.67 8

Countries ranked near Northern Europe

  1. 41 Kenya 16.12 compare
  2. 42 Western Sahara 15.88 compare
  3. 43 Panama 15.84 compare
  4. 44 Uruguay 15.73 compare
  5. 45 Tunisia 15.46 compare
  6. 46 Equatorial Guinea 15.38 compare
  7. 47 Mauritania 15.34 compare

See the full ranking of 276 places →

More work & labour data for Northern Europe

All data for Northern Europe →

Frequently asked questions

What is lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in Northern Europe?
Lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in Northern Europe was 10.12 in 2027, according to International Labour Organization.
What is the highest lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment recorded in Northern Europe?
The highest recorded value was 14.55 in 2012.
What is the lowest lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment recorded in Northern Europe?
The lowest recorded value was 8.65 in 2022.
How does Northern Europe rank for lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment?
Northern Europe ranks 44th out of 87 groups with data for 2027.
Is lu2: combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment rising or falling in Northern Europe?
Over the last ten years it is up 1.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Northern Europe data come from?
The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment (ILO modelled estimates). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment in Northern Europe. Statizoid, drawing on International Labour Organization. Retrieved 27 September 2026, from https://labour.statizoid.com/stat/lu2-combined-rate-of-time-related-underemployment-and-unemployment-ilo-modelled-estimates-2/northern-europe/

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About this data

Indicator
LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment (ILO modelled estimates)
Source
International Labour Organization
Licence
ILO Terms of Use (attribution required)
Coverage
276 places, 6,324 data points, 2005–2027
Last refreshed

Imputed observations are not based on national data, are subject to high uncertainty and should not be used for country comparisons or rankings. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. LU2 represents the share of the labour force that are either in unemployment or time-related underemployment. For more information, refer to the ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST) database description.