LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment for persons ages 25 to 54 (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) by country
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. For time series comparability, it includes countries that have...
What the numbers show
LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment for persons ages 25 to 54 (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) is currently reported for 61 countries. The highest value is 27.74 in Botswana; the lowest is 0.462 in Cambodia.
The median across all reporting countries is 8.39, and the mean is 8.89.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 60.
Over the past decade 17 countries rose and 41 fell. The largest increase was in Ghana (up 412.1%), and the largest decrease in Uganda (down 76.3%).
LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Botswana | 27.74 | 2024 | up 40.8% | rising |
| 2 | Rwanda | 24.59 | 2025 | down 42.3% | falling |
| 3 | Ecuador | 19.54 | 2025 | up 52.1% | rising |
| 4 | Argentina | 16.03 | 2025 | up 14.1% | falling |
| 5 | Spain | 14.84 | 2024 | down 49.5% | rising |
| 6 | Turkey | 14.81 | 2025 | up 66.2% | rising |
| 7 | Uruguay | 14.52 | 2024 | up 42.9% | falling |
| 8 | Cyprus | 14.17 | 2020 | up 24.1% | volatile |
| 9 | Serbia | 14.11 | 2019 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 10 | France | 13.91 | 2004 | — | rising |
| 11 | Chile | 13.24 | 2025 | down 16.4% | falling |
| 12 | Panama | 11.73 | 2025 | up 54.6% | rising |
| 13 | Italy | 11.6 | 2020 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 14 | Portugal | 11.55 | 2020 | up 2.0% | flat |
| 15 | Guatemala | 11.35 | 2024 | up 39.4% | falling |
| 16 | Finland | 11.32 | 2020 | up 3.9% | rising |
| 17 | Colombia | 11.02 | 2025 | down 13.9% | falling |
| 18 | Albania | 10.64 | 2024 | down 35.0% | falling |
| 19 | North Macedonia | 10.42 | 2025 | down 57.2% | falling |
| 20 | Greece | 9.98 | 2025 | down 61.8% | rising |
| 21 | Iran | 9.37 | 2024 | down 23.5% | falling |
| 22 | Montenegro | 9.27 | 2024 | down 52.7% | falling |
| 23 | Ireland | 9.25 | 2024 | down 45.0% | falling |
| 24 | Honduras | 9.13 | 2024 | down 48.3% | flat |
| 25 | Latvia | 9.04 | 2024 | down 34.7% | falling |
| 26 | Ghana | 9 | 2024 | up 412.1% | rising |
| 27 | Philippines | 8.85 | 2023 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 28 | Angola | 8.74 | 2025 | down 49.5% | falling |
| 29 | Uganda | 8.67 | 2021 | down 76.3% | volatile |
| 30 | Brazil | 8.41 | 2025 | down 15.2% | rising |
| 31 | Belgium | 8.39 | 2024 | down 23.3% | rising |
| 32 | Estonia | 8.17 | 2024 | up 4.5% | falling |
| 33 | Austria | 7.71 | 2025 | down 20.2% | rising |
| 34 | Lithuania | 7.6 | 2024 | down 39.2% | falling |
| 35 | Zambia | 7.59 | 2024 | down 3.6% | flat |
| 36 | Costa Rica | 7.28 | 2025 | down 54.9% | rising |
| 37 | Belize | 7.04 | 2017 | — | falling |
| 38 | Peru | 7 | 2022 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 39 | Mauritius | 6.75 | 2018 | — | flat |
| 40 | Luxembourg | 6.52 | 2014 | up 34.0% | rising |
| 41 | Netherlands | 6.31 | 2020 | up 37.1% | rising |
| 42 | Mongolia | 6.11 | 2017 | down 2.9% | rising |
| 43 | Dominican Republic | 6 | 2025 | down 50.9% | falling |
| 44 | United Kingdom | 5.99 | 2019 | down 37.7% | rising |
| 45 | Slovenia | 5.67 | 2024 | down 60.2% | rising |
| 46 | Malta | 5.63 | 2024 | down 32.5% | falling |
| 47 | Romania | 5.27 | 2024 | down 31.9% | falling |
| 48 | El Salvador | 5.25 | 2025 | down 46.7% | falling |
| 49 | Croatia | 5.03 | 2024 | down 68.5% | falling |
| 50 | Bolivia | 4.7 | 2019 | down 42.1% | volatile |
| 51 | Germany | 4.56 | 2024 | down 51.1% | falling |
| 52 | Paraguay | 4.37 | 2017 | up 18.8% | falling |
| 53 | Bulgaria | 4.24 | 2024 | down 61.4% | falling |
| 54 | Hungary | 4.24 | 2024 | down 48.5% | falling |
| 55 | United States | 3.94 | 2025 | down 18.9% | falling |
| 56 | Sri Lanka | 3.62 | 2024 | down 3.3% | flat |
| 57 | Poland | 2.93 | 2025 | down 61.9% | falling |
| 58 | Pakistan | 2.81 | 2025 | up 22.0% | volatile |
| 59 | Vietnam | 2.35 | 2024 | down 14.9% | falling |
| 60 | Thailand | 2.17 | 2021 | up 113.5% | rising |
| 61 | Cambodia | 0.462 | 2023 | down 72.4% | volatile |
About this data
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. For time series comparability, it includes countries that have implemented the 19th ICLS standards, for which data are also available in the Work Statistics -- 19th ICLS (WORK) database. LU2 represents the share of the labour force, in this case for persons of prime age (i.e., persons ages 25 to 54), that are either in unemployment or time-related underemployment. For more information, refer to the Gender Equality and Non-Discrimination Indicators (GEND) database description.