Informal employment (ILO modelled estimates) in European Union 28
European Union 28: Informal employment (ILO modelled estimates) was 8,441 in 2027. ▼ Falling
Informal employment in European Union 28, 2004–2027
Source: International Labour Organization.
Analysis
European Union 28 recorded 8,441 for informal employment in 2027. That is the lowest value across all 24 years on record.
That represents a change of down 2.5% on the previous year and down 28.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, informal employment in European Union 28 peaked at 11,878 in 2017 and was at its lowest, 8,441, in 2027.
European Union 28 ranks 70th of 87 groups on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 24 years of available data.
Informal employment (ILO modelled estimates) in European Union 28, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 10,517 | — |
| 2005 | 10,657 | +1.3% |
| 2006 | 10,911 | +2.4% |
| 2007 | 11,150 | +2.2% |
| 2008 | 10,791 | -3.2% |
| 2009 | 10,817 | +0.2% |
| 2010 | 11,362 | +5.0% |
| 2011 | 11,120 | -2.1% |
| 2012 | 11,743 | +5.6% |
| 2013 | 11,024 | -6.1% |
| 2014 | 11,080 | +0.5% |
| 2015 | 11,046 | -0.3% |
| 2016 | 10,334 | -6.4% |
| 2017 | 11,878 | +14.9% |
| 2018 | 11,005 | -7.3% |
| 2019 | 10,587 | -3.8% |
| 2020 | 9,856 | -6.9% |
| 2021 | 9,432 | -4.3% |
| 2022 | 9,398 | -0.4% |
| 2023 | 8,795 | -6.4% |
| 2024 | 8,925 | +1.5% |
| 2025 | 8,893 | -0.4% |
| 2026 | 8,661 | -2.6% |
| 2027 | 8,441 | -2.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 10,807 | 10,517 | 11,150 | 6 |
| 2010s | 11,118 | 10,334 | 11,878 | 10 |
| 2020s | 9,050 | 8,441 | 9,856 | 8 |
More work & labour data for European Union 28
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 254,923 (2027)
- Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 57.21 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 190,645 (2027)
- Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 5.68 (2027)
- Labour dependency ratio 1.16 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP 121,951 (2027)
- Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ 82,196 (2027)
- Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 53.96 (2027)
- Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 0.8736 % change on previous year (2027)
- Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate -0.3826 % change on previous year (2027)
Frequently asked questions
- What is informal employment in European Union 28?
- Informal employment in European Union 28 was 8,441 in 2027, according to International Labour Organization.
- What is the highest informal employment recorded in European Union 28?
- The highest recorded value was 11,878 in 2017.
- What is the lowest informal employment recorded in European Union 28?
- The lowest recorded value was 8,441 in 2027.
- How does European Union 28 rank for informal employment?
- European Union 28 ranks 70th out of 87 groups with data for 2027.
- Is informal employment rising or falling in European Union 28?
- Over the last ten years it is down 28.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this European Union 28 data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of Informal employment (ILO modelled estimates). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 24 observations, free to reuse under ILO Terms of Use (attribution required).
About this data
Imputed observations are not based on national data, are subject to high uncertainty and should not be used for country comparisons or rankings. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. Informal employment comprises persons who in their main or secondary jobs were (a) own-account workers, employers and members of producers' cooperatives employed in their own informal sector enterprises; (b) own-account workers engaged in the production of goods exclusively for own final use by their household (e.g. subsistence farming); (c) contributing family workers, regardless of whether they work in formal or informal sector enterprises; or (d) employees holding informal jobs, whether employed by formal sector enterprises, informal sector enterprises, or as paid domestic workers by households. For more information, refer to the ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST) database description.