Employment rates by citizenship - quarterly data by country
Countries reporting
45
Highest
76.0%
Iceland
Lowest
42.4%
Montenegro
Median
63.8%
Years covered
29
1998–2026
Data points
1,258
What the numbers show
Employment rates by citizenship - quarterly data is currently reported for 45 countries. The highest value is 76.0% in Iceland; the lowest is 42.4% in Montenegro.
The median across all reporting countries is 63.8%, and the mean is 62.7%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.
Over the past decade 42 countries rose and 3 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 21.7%), and the largest decrease in Iceland (down 4.2%).
Employment rates by citizenship - quarterly data: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iceland | 76.0% | 2025 | down 4.2% | falling |
| 2 | Netherlands | 73.0% | 2026 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 2 | Netherlands | 73.0% | 2026 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 4 | Malta | 71.7% | 2026 | up 21.7% | rising |
| 5 | Switzerland | 71.3% | 2026 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 6 | Norway | 69.0% | 2026 | up 3.4% | flat |
| 7 | Cyprus | 68.8% | 2026 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 7 | Denmark | 68.8% | 2026 | up 7.7% | flat |
| 9 | Sweden | 68.4% | 2026 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 10 | Estonia | 68.0% | 2026 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 10 | Estonia | 68.0% | 2026 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 12 | Germany | 67.5% | 2026 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 13 | Ireland | 67.3% | 2026 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 14 | Czechia | 66.6% | 2026 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 15 | United Kingdom | 66.3% | 2020 | up 5.1% | flat |
| 15 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 66.3% | 2020 | up 5.1% | flat |
| 17 | Lithuania | 65.8% | 2026 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 17 | Lithuania | 65.8% | 2026 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 19 | Hungary | 65.0% | 2026 | up 10.5% | rising |
| 20 | Austria | 64.7% | 2026 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 21 | Portugal | 64.5% | 2026 | up 9.7% | flat |
| 22 | Latvia | 63.8% | 2026 | up 3.4% | rising |
| 22 | Latvia | 63.8% | 2026 | up 3.4% | rising |
| 24 | Slovenia | 62.5% | 2026 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 24 | Slovakia | 62.5% | 2026 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 24 | Slovenia | 62.5% | 2026 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 24 | Slovakia | 62.5% | 2026 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 28 | Poland | 62.4% | 2026 | up 7.6% | rising |
| 28 | Poland | 62.4% | 2026 | up 7.6% | rising |
| 30 | Luxembourg | 61.9% | 2026 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 31 | Finland | 61.1% | 2026 | up 3.0% | flat |
| 32 | Bulgaria | 60.5% | 2026 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 33 | France | 59.6% | 2026 | up 6.8% | rising |
| 34 | Belgium | 58.6% | 2026 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 35 | Spain | 58.3% | 2026 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 36 | Croatia | 57.6% | 2026 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 36 | Croatia | 57.6% | 2026 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 38 | Serbia | 56.5% | 2026 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 39 | Greece | 55.1% | 2026 | up 21.4% | flat |
| 40 | Italy | 54.5% | 2026 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 41 | Romania | 53.3% | 2026 | down 4.1% | falling |
| 42 | North Macedonia | 50.8% | 2026 | up 13.1% | rising |
| 43 | Türkiye | 49.6% | 2026 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 44 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 46.9% | 2026 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 45 | Montenegro | 42.4% | 2020 | up 2.2% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.