Unemployment rates by migration status, citizenship and educational attainment level by country
Countries reporting
42
Highest
12.2%
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lowest
2.8%
Czechia
Median
5.8%
Years covered
5
2021–2025
Data points
220
What the numbers show
Unemployment rates by migration status, citizenship and educational attainment level is currently reported for 42 countries. The highest value is 12.2% in Bosnia and Herzegovina; the lowest is 2.8% in Czechia.
The median across all reporting countries is 5.8%, and the mean is 6.1%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 4.
Unemployment rates by migration status, citizenship and educational: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 12.2% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 2 | North Macedonia | 11.5% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 3 | Spain | 10.5% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 4 | Finland | 9.7% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 5 | Greece | 8.9% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 6 | Sweden | 8.8% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 7 | Serbia | 8.7% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 8 | Türkiye | 8.4% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 9 | France | 7.7% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 10 | Estonia | 7.5% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 10 | Estonia | 7.5% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 12 | Lithuania | 6.9% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 12 | Latvia | 6.9% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 12 | Latvia | 6.9% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 12 | Lithuania | 6.9% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 16 | Luxembourg | 6.5% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 17 | Denmark | 6.4% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 18 | Belgium | 6.2% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 19 | Italy | 6.1% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 19 | Romania | 6.1% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 21 | Portugal | 6.0% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 22 | Austria | 5.7% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 23 | Slovakia | 5.4% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 23 | Slovakia | 5.4% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 25 | Croatia | 4.9% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 25 | Croatia | 4.9% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 25 | Switzerland | 4.9% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 28 | Ireland | 4.7% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 29 | Norway | 4.5% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 29 | Iceland | 4.5% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 31 | Hungary | 4.4% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 31 | Cyprus | 4.4% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 33 | Slovenia | 3.9% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 33 | Netherlands | 3.9% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 33 | Netherlands | 3.9% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 33 | Slovenia | 3.9% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 37 | Germany | 3.8% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 38 | Bulgaria | 3.5% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 39 | Poland | 3.1% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 39 | Malta | 3.1% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 39 | Poland | 3.1% | 2025 | — | falling |
| 42 | Czechia | 2.8% | 2025 | — | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.