Unemployed persons in science and technology (HRST) by category and sex by country
Countries reporting
47
Highest
930.1 Thousand persons
Türkiye
Lowest
3 Thousand persons
Iceland
Median
32.8 Thousand persons
Years covered
32
1994–2025
Data points
1,298
What the numbers show
Unemployed persons in science and technology (HRST) by category and sex is currently reported for 47 countries. The highest value is 930.1 Thousand persons in Türkiye; the lowest is 3 Thousand persons in Iceland.
The median across all reporting countries is 32.8 Thousand persons, and the mean is 121.99 Thousand persons.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 310.
Over the past decade 20 countries rose and 26 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 181.8%), and the largest decrease in Croatia (down 61.2%).
Unemployed persons in science and technology (HRST) by category … sex: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Türkiye | 930.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 37.2% | rising |
| 2 | France | 805.4 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 3 | Spain | 708.9 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 37.6% | rising |
| 4 | Germany | 461.9 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 70.2% | falling |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 374 Thousand persons | 2019 | down 10.9% | rising |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 374 Thousand persons | 2019 | down 10.9% | rising |
| 7 | Italy | 208.4 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 42.3% | rising |
| 8 | Sweden | 144.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 71.2% | rising |
| 9 | Netherlands | 133.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 9 | Netherlands | 133.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 11 | Greece | 117.4 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 61.2% | volatile |
| 12 | Poland | 112.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 48.6% | flat |
| 12 | Poland | 112.7 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 48.6% | flat |
| 14 | Belgium | 103.4 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 15 | Portugal | 89.9 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 21.5% | volatile |
| 16 | Switzerland | 85.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 37.5% | rising |
| 17 | Austria | 71.9 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 30.5% | volatile |
| 18 | Denmark | 71.5 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 54.4% | rising |
| 19 | Serbia | 61.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 46.8% | falling |
| 19 | Serbia | 61.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 46.8% | falling |
| 21 | Finland | 60.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 8.0% | rising |
| 22 | Ireland | 54 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 6.6% | volatile |
| 23 | Norway | 40.3 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 32.1% | rising |
| 24 | Romania | 32.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 55.7% | rising |
| 25 | Lithuania | 31.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 42.6% | falling |
| 25 | Lithuania | 31.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 42.6% | falling |
| 27 | Hungary | 31.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 28 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 23.5 Thousand persons | 2025 | — | falling |
| 29 | Czechia | 20.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 28.5% | rising |
| 30 | Slovakia | 19.5 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 46.0% | rising |
| 30 | Slovakia | 19.5 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 46.0% | rising |
| 32 | North Macedonia | 18.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 60.3% | falling |
| 32 | North Macedonia | 18.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 60.3% | falling |
| 34 | Bulgaria | 17.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 57.6% | falling |
| 35 | Croatia | 17 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 61.2% | flat |
| 35 | Croatia | 17 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 61.2% | flat |
| 37 | Estonia | 15.3 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 51.5% | falling |
| 37 | Estonia | 15.3 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 51.5% | falling |
| 39 | Latvia | 15 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 8.5% | rising |
| 39 | Latvia | 15 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 8.5% | rising |
| 41 | Luxembourg | 11 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 103.7% | volatile |
| 42 | Montenegro | 10.6 Thousand persons | 2020 | up 35.9% | rising |
| 43 | Cyprus | 10 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 54.5% | volatile |
| 44 | Slovenia | 9.2 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 51.3% | volatile |
| 44 | Slovenia | 9.2 Thousand persons | 2025 | down 51.3% | volatile |
| 46 | Malta | 3.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 181.8% | volatile |
| 47 | Iceland | 3 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 76.5% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 3,378 Thousand persons
- Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) 2,965 Thousand persons