Self-employed, male (% of male employment) in Lower middle income
Lower middle income: Self-employed, male (% of male employment) was 67.3% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Self-employed, male (% of male employment) in Lower middle income, 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
Lower middle income recorded 67.3% for self-employed, male (% of male employment) in 2025. That is the lowest value across all 35 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.5% on the previous year and down 4.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, self-employed, male (% of male employment) in Lower middle income peaked at 77.3% in 1991 and was at its lowest, 67.3%, in 2025.
Lower middle income ranks 14th of 47 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 35 years of available data.
Self-employed, male (% of male employment) in Lower middle income, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 77.3% | — |
| 1992 | 77.1% | -0.3% |
| 1993 | 76.9% | -0.3% |
| 1994 | 76.6% | -0.3% |
| 1995 | 76.4% | -0.3% |
| 1996 | 76.0% | -0.4% |
| 1997 | 75.6% | -0.6% |
| 1998 | 75.4% | -0.2% |
| 1999 | 75.1% | -0.4% |
| 2000 | 75.0% | -0.1% |
| 2001 | 74.9% | -0.2% |
| 2002 | 74.5% | -0.5% |
| 2003 | 74.4% | -0.1% |
| 2004 | 74.2% | -0.2% |
| 2005 | 73.6% | -0.8% |
| 2006 | 73.3% | -0.5% |
| 2007 | 73.1% | -0.3% |
| 2008 | 73.0% | -0.1% |
| 2009 | 72.8% | -0.3% |
| 2010 | 72.5% | -0.4% |
| 2011 | 71.9% | -0.8% |
| 2012 | 71.3% | -0.9% |
| 2013 | 71.0% | -0.4% |
| 2014 | 70.8% | -0.4% |
| 2015 | 70.4% | -0.5% |
| 2016 | 70.0% | -0.5% |
| 2017 | 69.7% | -0.4% |
| 2018 | 69.4% | -0.6% |
| 2019 | 69.1% | -0.3% |
| 2020 | 69.5% | +0.5% |
| 2021 | 69.0% | -0.8% |
| 2022 | 69.0% | +0.0% |
| 2023 | 68.1% | -1.2% |
| 2024 | 67.7% | -0.7% |
| 2025 | 67.3% | -0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 76.3% | 75.1% | 77.3% | 9 |
| 2000s | 73.9% | 72.8% | 75.0% | 10 |
| 2010s | 70.6% | 69.1% | 72.5% | 10 |
| 2020s | 68.4% | 67.3% | 69.5% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Lower middle income
- 11 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 79.8% compare
- 12 Mozambique 78.9% compare
- 13 Burundi 78.7% compare
- 14 Burkina Faso 77.2% compare
- 15 Guinea 76.3% compare
- 16 Benin 75.6% compare
- 17 Uganda 73.7% compare
More work & labour data for Lower middle income
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 58.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 49.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 27.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 38.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 41.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 80.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 61.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 76.8% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 39.2% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 53.7% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is self-employed, male (% of male employment) in Lower middle income?
- Self-employed, male (% of male employment) in Lower middle income was 67.3% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest self-employed, male (% of male employment) recorded in Lower middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 77.3% in 1991.
- What is the lowest self-employed, male (% of male employment) recorded in Lower middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 67.3% in 2025.
- How does Lower middle income rank for self-employed, male (% of male employment)?
- Lower middle income ranks 14th out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is self-employed, male (% of male employment) rising or falling in Lower middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is down 4.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Self-employed, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Self-employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs." i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced. Self-employed workers include sub-categories of employers, own-account workers and members of producers' cooperatives and contributing family workers.