LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment (current ILO definition - ICLS19) (15+) by country
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series includes only countries for which the 19th ICLS definitions are applied. LU2 represents the share of the...
What the numbers show
LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment (current ILO definition - ICLS19) (15+) is currently reported for 58 countries. The highest value is 34.44 in Rwanda; the lowest is 3.3 in Czechia.
The median across all reporting countries is 9.22, and the mean is 10.61.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 10.
Over the past decade 12 countries rose and 43 fell. The largest increase was in Cambodia (up 174.5%), and the largest decrease in Cyprus (down 69.6%).
LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rwanda | 34.44 | 2025 | up 3.8% | flat |
| 2 | Botswana | 33.31 | 2024 | up 16.3% | rising |
| 3 | Zimbabwe | 30.05 | 2024 | down 5.8% | falling |
| 4 | Zambia | 17.67 | 2024 | down 1.7% | flat |
| 5 | Finland | 17.66 | 2025 | up 17.7% | rising |
| 6 | Jordan | 16.86 | 2024 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 7 | Uruguay | 15.92 | 2025 | down 8.6% | falling |
| 8 | Georgia | 15.89 | 2025 | down 32.5% | falling |
| 9 | Spain | 15.79 | 2025 | down 46.3% | falling |
| 10 | Chile | 15.41 | 2025 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 11 | France | 15.4 | 2025 | down 19.2% | falling |
| 12 | Guyana | 13.46 | 2024 | down 47.7% | falling |
| 13 | Sweden | 13.02 | 2025 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 14 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 12.86 | 2025 | — | falling |
| 15 | Panama | 12.7 | 2025 | up 41.8% | rising |
| 16 | Ireland | 12.5 | 2025 | down 23.1% | falling |
| 17 | Belgium | 12.45 | 2025 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 18 | Angola | 12.13 | 2025 | down 50.3% | falling |
| 19 | Barbados | 11.87 | 2024 | down 11.1% | flat |
| 20 | Greece | 11.66 | 2025 | down 62.1% | falling |
| 21 | Denmark | 10.6 | 2025 | up 23.2% | flat |
| 22 | Luxembourg | 10.34 | 2025 | up 8.9% | rising |
| 23 | Portugal | 10.25 | 2025 | down 47.8% | falling |
| 24 | Australia | 9.96 | 2025 | down 39.7% | falling |
| 25 | Brazil | 9.93 | 2025 | down 23.3% | falling |
| 26 | Netherlands | 9.88 | 2025 | down 23.4% | falling |
| 27 | United Kingdom | 9.72 | 2025 | down 16.4% | falling |
| 28 | New Zealand | 9.68 | 2025 | up 7.0% | falling |
| 29 | Switzerland | 9.3 | 2025 | down 15.2% | falling |
| 30 | Latvia | 9.14 | 2025 | down 34.2% | falling |
| 31 | Estonia | 8.89 | 2025 | up 14.9% | rising |
| 32 | Costa Rica | 8.86 | 2025 | down 52.3% | falling |
| 33 | Austria | 8.44 | 2025 | down 17.0% | falling |
| 34 | Iceland | 8.39 | 2025 | down 3.5% | falling |
| 35 | Cyprus | 8.31 | 2025 | down 69.6% | falling |
| 36 | Norway | 8.22 | 2025 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 37 | Italy | 8.21 | 2025 | down 48.7% | falling |
| 38 | Canada | 8.21 | 2025 | down 4.5% | falling |
| 39 | Lithuania | 8.17 | 2025 | down 25.2% | falling |
| 40 | Croatia | 7.04 | 2025 | down 63.9% | falling |
| 41 | Romania | 7 | 2025 | down 29.2% | falling |
| 42 | El Salvador | 6.33 | 2025 | down 38.1% | falling |
| 43 | Slovenia | 6.18 | 2025 | down 59.5% | falling |
| 44 | Slovakia | 5.92 | 2025 | down 53.6% | falling |
| 45 | Malta | 5.67 | 2025 | down 35.2% | falling |
| 46 | Cambodia | 5.61 | 2025 | up 174.5% | volatile |
| 47 | Mongolia | 5.55 | 2025 | down 49.6% | falling |
| 48 | Moldova | 5.34 | 2025 | down 48.3% | falling |
| 49 | South Korea | 5.28 | 2025 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 50 | Germany | 5.12 | 2025 | down 41.4% | falling |
| 51 | Hong Kong | 5.11 | 2025 | up 9.1% | rising |
| 52 | Singapore | 5.09 | 2025 | down 22.7% | falling |
| 53 | United States | 5.04 | 2025 | down 17.0% | falling |
| 54 | Hungary | 4.98 | 2025 | down 41.8% | falling |
| 55 | Poland | 3.86 | 2025 | — | falling |
| 56 | Bulgaria | 3.83 | 2025 | down 61.6% | falling |
| 57 | Vietnam | 3.8 | 2024 | — | falling |
| 58 | Czechia | 3.3 | 2025 | down 41.4% | falling |
About this data
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series includes only countries for which the 19th ICLS definitions are applied. LU2 represents the share of the labour force that are either in unemployment or time-related underemployment. For more information, refer to the Work Statistics -- 19th ICLS (WORK) database description.