Labour transitions - change in qualification level (employment status and pay level) compared to previous year by sex and previous employment status by country
Countries reporting
49
Highest
86.8
Cyprus
Lowest
66.7
Hungary
Median
79
Years covered
20
2006–2025
Data points
918
What the numbers show
Labour transitions - change in qualification level (employment status and pay level) compared to previous year by sex and previous employment status is currently reported for 49 countries. The highest value is 86.8 in Cyprus; the lowest is 66.7 in Hungary.
The median across all reporting countries is 79, and the mean is 78.53.
Over the past decade 12 countries rose and 37 fell. The largest increase was in Romania (up 10.8%), and the largest decrease in Hungary (down 17.6%).
Labour transitions: change in qualification level: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cyprus | 86.8 | 2025 | down 2.3% | flat |
| 2 | Netherlands | 86.4 | 2025 | down 2.5% | flat |
| 2 | Netherlands | 86.4 | 2025 | down 2.5% | flat |
| 4 | Euro area (EA11-1999, EA12-2001, EA13-2007, EA15-2008, EA16-2009, EA17-2011, EA18-2014, EA19-2015, EA20-2023, EA21-2026) | 83.4 | 2020 | up 2.7% | flat |
| 4 | France | 83.4 | 2025 | down 4.4% | flat |
| 6 | Belgium | 83.1 | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 6 | Romania | 83.1 | 2025 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 8 | Ireland | 83 | 2025 | down 2.6% | rising |
| 9 | Italy | 82.9 | 2025 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 10 | Austria | 82.1 | 2025 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 11 | Spain | 82 | 2025 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 12 | Switzerland | 81.1 | 2024 | down 5.4% | flat |
| 13 | Lithuania | 81 | 2025 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 13 | European Union (EU6-1958, EU9-1973, EU10-1981, EU12-1986, EU15-1995, EU25-2004, EU27-2007, EU28-2013, EU27-2020) | 81 | 2019 | up 1.9% | flat |
| 13 | Norway | 81 | 2025 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 13 | Lithuania | 81 | 2025 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 17 | Denmark | 80.9 | 2025 | up 2.7% | rising |
| 17 | Türkiye | 80.9 | 2025 | down 1.9% | falling |
| 19 | Slovenia | 80.2 | 2025 | down 5.0% | falling |
| 19 | Slovenia | 80.2 | 2025 | down 5.0% | falling |
| 21 | Poland | 79.5 | 2025 | down 6.0% | flat |
| 21 | Poland | 79.5 | 2025 | down 6.0% | flat |
| 23 | Luxembourg | 79.4 | 2025 | down 7.8% | falling |
| 24 | Bulgaria | 79.3 | 2025 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 25 | Estonia | 79 | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 25 | Estonia | 79 | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 27 | Finland | 78.7 | 2025 | down 4.5% | flat |
| 28 | Portugal | 78.3 | 2025 | down 6.2% | falling |
| 28 | Sweden | 78.3 | 2025 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 30 | Croatia | 78.1 | 2025 | down 0.9% | falling |
| 30 | Croatia | 78.1 | 2025 | down 0.9% | falling |
| 32 | Iceland | 78 | 2020 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 33 | United Kingdom | 77.5 | 2018 | down 3.0% | flat |
| 33 | United Kingdom | 77.5 | 2018 | down 3.0% | flat |
| 33 | Czechia | 77.5 | 2025 | down 6.6% | flat |
| 36 | Malta | 77.3 | 2025 | down 8.5% | flat |
| 37 | Latvia | 76.6 | 2025 | up 2.0% | flat |
| 37 | Latvia | 76.6 | 2025 | up 2.0% | flat |
| 39 | Germany | 75.8 | 2025 | down 10.9% | falling |
| 40 | Greece | 75.6 | 2025 | down 11.7% | flat |
| 41 | Slovakia | 74 | 2024 | down 9.1% | flat |
| 42 | Serbia | 73.6 | 2025 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 42 | Serbia | 73.6 | 2025 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 44 | Montenegro | 73.5 | 2024 | down 1.2% | falling |
| 45 | Albania | 69.6 | 2025 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 46 | North Macedonia | 69.5 | 2024 | down 14.5% | falling |
| 46 | North Macedonia | 69.5 | 2024 | down 14.5% | falling |
| 48 | Slovakia | 68.6 | 2025 | down 11.5% | falling |
| 49 | Hungary | 66.7 | 2025 | down 17.6% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.