Labour force by country of birth - quarterly data by country
Countries reporting
45
Highest
43,907 Thousand persons
Germany
Lowest
234.2 Thousand persons
Iceland
Median
3,032 Thousand persons
Years covered
29
1998–2026
Data points
1,258
What the numbers show
Labour force by country of birth - quarterly data is currently reported for 45 countries. The highest value is 43,907 Thousand persons in Germany; the lowest is 234.2 Thousand persons in Iceland.
The median across all reporting countries is 3,032 Thousand persons, and the mean is 8,310 Thousand persons.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 187.
Over the past decade 35 countries rose and 10 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 56.3%), and the largest decrease in North Macedonia (down 16.0%).
Labour force by country of birth - quarterly data: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 43,907 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 2 | Türkiye | 34,291 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 33,878 Thousand persons | 2020 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 3 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 33,878 Thousand persons | 2020 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 5 | France | 31,953 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 6 | Italy | 25,427 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 1.8% | rising |
| 7 | Spain | 24,982 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 8 | Poland | 17,754 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 2.9% | flat |
| 8 | Poland | 17,754 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 2.9% | flat |
| 10 | Netherlands | 10,244 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 10 | Netherlands | 10,244 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 12 | Romania | 8,193 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 13 | Sweden | 5,749 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 14 | Portugal | 5,614 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 9.3% | flat |
| 15 | Belgium | 5,477 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 16 | Czechia | 5,427 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 17 | Switzerland | 5,094 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 18 | Hungary | 4,854 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 19 | Greece | 4,771 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 20 | Austria | 4,758 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 21 | Denmark | 3,304 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 22 | Serbia | 3,086 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 0.7% | rising |
| 23 | Norway | 3,032 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 10.5% | rising |
| 24 | Bulgaria | 3,003 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 6.7% | falling |
| 25 | Ireland | 2,913 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 25.5% | rising |
| 26 | Finland | 2,842 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 7.7% | rising |
| 27 | Slovakia | 2,741 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 27 | Slovakia | 2,741 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 29 | Croatia | 1,801 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 2.3% | falling |
| 29 | Croatia | 1,801 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 2.3% | falling |
| 31 | Lithuania | 1,572 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 7.5% | falling |
| 31 | Lithuania | 1,572 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 7.5% | falling |
| 33 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,391 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 34 | Slovenia | 1,027 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 34 | Slovenia | 1,027 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 36 | Latvia | 937.5 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 4.5% | falling |
| 36 | Latvia | 937.5 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 4.5% | falling |
| 38 | North Macedonia | 797.6 Thousand persons | 2026 | down 16.0% | falling |
| 39 | Estonia | 738.5 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 39 | Estonia | 738.5 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 41 | Cyprus | 527.9 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 25.4% | rising |
| 42 | Luxembourg | 353.2 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 25.9% | rising |
| 43 | Malta | 344.7 Thousand persons | 2026 | up 56.3% | rising |
| 44 | Montenegro | 252.4 Thousand persons | 2020 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 45 | Iceland | 234.2 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 23.8% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 221,214 Thousand persons
- Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) 175,934 Thousand persons