Employment rates by migration status, citizenship and educational attainment level - quarterly data by country
Countries reporting
42
Highest
76.0%
Iceland
Lowest
46.9%
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Median
63.1%
Years covered
6
2021–2026
Data points
263
What the numbers show
Employment rates by migration status, citizenship and educational attainment level - quarterly data is currently reported for 42 countries. The highest value is 76.0% in Iceland; the lowest is 46.9% in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The median across all reporting countries is 63.1%, and the mean is 63.0%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.
Over the past decade 34 countries rose and 5 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 7.3%), and the largest decrease in Finland (down 2.7%).
Employment rates by migration status, citizenship and educational: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iceland | 76.0% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 2 | Netherlands | 73.0% | 2026 | up 2.7% | flat |
| 2 | Netherlands | 73.0% | 2026 | up 2.7% | flat |
| 4 | Malta | 71.7% | 2026 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 5 | Switzerland | 71.3% | 2026 | down 1.9% | flat |
| 6 | Norway | 69.0% | 2026 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 7 | Cyprus | 68.8% | 2026 | up 4.2% | flat |
| 7 | Denmark | 68.8% | 2026 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 9 | Sweden | 68.4% | 2026 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 10 | Estonia | 68.0% | 2026 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 10 | Estonia | 68.0% | 2026 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 12 | Germany | 67.5% | 2026 | unchanged | flat |
| 13 | Ireland | 67.3% | 2026 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 14 | Czechia | 66.6% | 2026 | up 2.5% | flat |
| 15 | Lithuania | 65.8% | 2026 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 15 | Lithuania | 65.8% | 2026 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 17 | Hungary | 65.0% | 2026 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 18 | Austria | 64.7% | 2026 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 19 | Portugal | 64.5% | 2026 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 20 | Latvia | 63.8% | 2026 | up 1.8% | flat |
| 20 | Latvia | 63.8% | 2026 | up 1.8% | flat |
| 22 | Slovakia | 62.5% | 2026 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 22 | Slovenia | 62.5% | 2026 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 22 | Slovakia | 62.5% | 2026 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 22 | Slovenia | 62.5% | 2026 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 26 | Poland | 62.4% | 2026 | up 2.1% | flat |
| 26 | Poland | 62.4% | 2026 | up 2.1% | flat |
| 28 | Luxembourg | 61.9% | 2026 | down 2.1% | flat |
| 29 | Finland | 61.1% | 2026 | down 2.7% | flat |
| 30 | Bulgaria | 60.5% | 2026 | up 3.8% | flat |
| 31 | France | 59.6% | 2026 | up 2.4% | flat |
| 32 | Belgium | 58.6% | 2026 | up 1.7% | flat |
| 33 | Spain | 58.3% | 2026 | up 3.7% | flat |
| 34 | Croatia | 57.6% | 2026 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 34 | Croatia | 57.6% | 2026 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 36 | Serbia | 56.5% | 2026 | up 5.0% | rising |
| 37 | Greece | 55.1% | 2026 | up 6.8% | rising |
| 38 | Italy | 54.5% | 2026 | up 5.6% | rising |
| 39 | Romania | 53.3% | 2026 | unchanged | flat |
| 40 | North Macedonia | 50.8% | 2026 | up 3.7% | flat |
| 41 | Türkiye | 49.6% | 2026 | up 2.3% | flat |
| 42 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 46.9% | 2026 | up 7.3% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.