Employment rates by migration status, citizenship and educational attainment level by country
Countries reporting
42
Highest
77.8%
Iceland
Lowest
47.2%
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Median
63.7%
Years covered
5
2021–2025
Data points
220
What the numbers show
Employment rates by migration status, citizenship and educational attainment level is currently reported for 42 countries. The highest value is 77.8% in Iceland; the lowest is 47.2% in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The median across all reporting countries is 63.7%, and the mean is 63.4%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.
Employment rates by migration status, citizenship and educational: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iceland | 77.8% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 2 | Netherlands | 73.2% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 2 | Netherlands | 73.2% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 4 | Switzerland | 71.8% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 5 | Malta | 71.5% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 6 | Norway | 69.6% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 7 | Denmark | 69.3% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 8 | Sweden | 69.0% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 9 | Cyprus | 68.8% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 10 | Estonia | 68.5% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 10 | Ireland | 68.5% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 10 | Estonia | 68.5% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 13 | Germany | 67.6% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 14 | Czechia | 66.4% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 15 | Lithuania | 65.9% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 15 | Lithuania | 65.9% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 17 | Austria | 65.3% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 18 | Hungary | 65.2% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 19 | Latvia | 64.5% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 19 | Latvia | 64.5% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 21 | Portugal | 64.4% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 22 | Luxembourg | 63.0% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 23 | Slovakia | 62.9% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 23 | Slovakia | 62.9% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 25 | Slovenia | 62.8% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 25 | Slovenia | 62.8% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 27 | Finland | 62.5% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 28 | Poland | 62.3% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 28 | Poland | 62.3% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 30 | Bulgaria | 60.6% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 31 | France | 59.8% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 32 | Belgium | 58.8% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 33 | Spain | 58.7% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 34 | Croatia | 57.7% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 34 | Croatia | 57.7% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 36 | Serbia | 56.8% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 37 | Greece | 55.9% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 38 | Italy | 54.5% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 39 | Romania | 53.5% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 40 | Türkiye | 51.4% | 2025 | — | rising |
| 41 | North Macedonia | 50.6% | 2025 | — | flat |
| 42 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 47.2% | 2025 | — | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.