Employment in STEM occupations outside the formal sector (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) by country
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. For time series comparability, it includes countries that have...
What the numbers show
Employment in STEM occupations outside the formal sector (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) is currently reported for 39 countries. The highest value is 1,294 in Brazil; the lowest is 0.048 in Seychelles.
The median across all reporting countries is 21.51, and the mean is 123.41.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 26,959.
Over the past decade 27 countries rose and 11 fell. The largest increase was in Uruguay (up 511.8%), and the largest decrease in Bosnia and Herzegovina (down 72.5%).
Employment in STEM occupations outside the formal sector: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 1,294 | 2025 | up 74.2% | rising |
| 2 | Pakistan | 666.09 | 2025 | up 199.0% | volatile |
| 3 | Mexico | 632.91 | 2026 | up 108.4% | rising |
| 4 | Argentina | 481.48 | 2025 | up 93.2% | rising |
| 5 | Egypt | 478.34 | 2024 | up 209.9% | rising |
| 6 | Colombia | 338.79 | 2025 | — | falling |
| 7 | Uganda | 131.79 | 2021 | up 191.7% | rising |
| 8 | Viet Nam | 127.42 | 2024 | up 114.6% | rising |
| 9 | Türkiye | 88.72 | 2025 | up 69.6% | rising |
| 10 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 84.95 | 2025 | up 39.0% | rising |
| 11 | Angola | 50.66 | 2025 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 12 | Guatemala | 48.52 | 2025 | up 35.1% | rising |
| 13 | Myanmar | 47.08 | 2020 | down 23.8% | falling |
| 14 | Sri Lanka | 46.01 | 2024 | up 57.7% | rising |
| 15 | Thailand | 44.3 | 2024 | down 61.3% | falling |
| 16 | Uruguay | 34.8 | 2025 | up 511.8% | volatile |
| 17 | Ecuador | 33.44 | 2025 | up 112.3% | rising |
| 18 | Kyrgyzstan | 24.84 | 2023 | up 21.3% | falling |
| 19 | Dominican Republic | 22.07 | 2025 | up 80.0% | rising |
| 20 | Zimbabwe | 21.51 | 2024 | up 240.7% | rising |
| 21 | El Salvador | 20.42 | 2025 | up 63.6% | volatile |
| 22 | Costa Rica | 17.39 | 2025 | up 36.4% | rising |
| 23 | Panama | 16.69 | 2025 | up 73.4% | rising |
| 24 | Rwanda | 16.53 | 2025 | up 176.2% | rising |
| 25 | Senegal | 7.78 | 2024 | down 30.0% | falling |
| 26 | Zambia | 7.07 | 2024 | down 8.0% | volatile |
| 27 | Jordan | 5.03 | 2023 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 28 | Serbia | 4.73 | 2019 | up 209.1% | rising |
| 29 | Botswana | 3.83 | 2024 | up 4.4% | rising |
| 30 | Mauritius | 3.67 | 2024 | down 35.4% | falling |
| 31 | Georgia | 3.28 | 2025 | down 6.6% | rising |
| 32 | Palestine, State of | 2.3 | 2025 | up 67.6% | volatile |
| 33 | Mongolia | 2.04 | 2025 | down 62.9% | volatile |
| 34 | Guyana | 1.66 | 2024 | up 57.9% | rising |
| 35 | North Macedonia | 1.44 | 2025 | up 136.3% | volatile |
| 36 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.711 | 2025 | down 72.5% | volatile |
| 37 | Grenada | 0.289 | 2023 | down 18.8% | flat |
| 38 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.17 | 2024 | down 42.2% | rising |
| 39 | Seychelles | 0.048 | 2025 | down 69.4% | volatile |
About this data
With the aim of promoting international comparability, statistics presented on ILOSTAT are based on standard international definitions wherever feasible and may differ from official national figures. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. For time series comparability, it includes countries that have implemented the 19th ICLS standards, for which data are also available in the Work Statistics -- 19th ICLS (WORK) database. For more information, refer to the Worker and Sector Profiles (PROF) database description.