Employers, female (% of female employment) in Upper middle income
Upper middle income: Employers, female (% of female employment) was 2.5% in 2025. ▲ Rising
Employers, female (% of female employment) in Upper middle income, 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
In 2025, employers, female (% of female employment) in Upper middle income stood at 2.5%. That is the highest value across all 35 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 1.2% on the previous year and up 21.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, employers, female (% of female employment) in Upper middle income peaked at 2.5% in 2025 and was at its lowest, 1.3%, in 1991.
Upper middle income ranks 19th of 47 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 35 years of available data.
Employers, female (% of female employment) in Upper middle income, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 1.3% | — |
| 1992 | 1.3% | +2.8% |
| 1993 | 1.4% | +2.2% |
| 1994 | 1.4% | +2.9% |
| 1995 | 1.4% | +2.6% |
| 1996 | 1.5% | +3.1% |
| 1997 | 1.5% | +0.8% |
| 1998 | 1.5% | +0.1% |
| 1999 | 1.6% | +8.3% |
| 2000 | 1.6% | -0.1% |
| 2001 | 1.7% | +3.1% |
| 2002 | 1.7% | +1.1% |
| 2003 | 1.7% | +0.4% |
| 2004 | 1.8% | +2.7% |
| 2005 | 1.8% | +2.9% |
| 2006 | 1.9% | +3.0% |
| 2007 | 1.9% | +2.1% |
| 2008 | 1.9% | +2.1% |
| 2009 | 1.9% | +0.7% |
| 2010 | 1.9% | -0.9% |
| 2011 | 1.9% | +0.1% |
| 2012 | 2.0% | +1.8% |
| 2013 | 2.0% | +1.8% |
| 2014 | 2.0% | -0.6% |
| 2015 | 2.1% | +3.2% |
| 2016 | 2.1% | +1.6% |
| 2017 | 2.1% | +1.0% |
| 2018 | 2.2% | +2.6% |
| 2019 | 2.2% | +1.4% |
| 2020 | 2.2% | +1.4% |
| 2021 | 2.2% | -0.3% |
| 2022 | 2.4% | +7.6% |
| 2023 | 2.4% | +1.4% |
| 2024 | 2.5% | +1.7% |
| 2025 | 2.5% | +1.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 9 |
| 2000s | 1.8% | 1.6% | 1.9% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.2% | 10 |
| 2020s | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.5% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Upper middle income
More work & labour data for Upper middle income
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 72.1% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 60.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 44.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 49.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 38.4% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 62.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 78.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 69.8% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 53.4% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 75.6% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is employers, female (% of female employment) in Upper middle income?
- Employers, female (% of female employment) in Upper middle income was 2.5% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest employers, female (% of female employment) recorded in Upper middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 2.5% in 2025.
- What is the lowest employers, female (% of female employment) recorded in Upper middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.3% in 1991.
- How does Upper middle income rank for employers, female (% of female employment)?
- Upper middle income ranks 19th out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is employers, female (% of female employment) rising or falling in Upper middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 21.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Employers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Employers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).