Employers, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income): Employers, female (% of female employment) was 3.3% in 2025. ▲ Rising
Employers, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income), 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) recorded 3.3% for employers, female (% of female employment) in 2025. That is the highest value across all 35 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 1.0% on the previous year and up 44.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, employers, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) peaked at 3.3% in 2025 and was at its lowest, 2.0%, in 1994.
That places Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 9th out of 47 groups with data for 2025, putting it in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 35 years of available data.
Employers, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income), year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 2.0% | — |
| 1992 | 2.0% | +0.9% |
| 1993 | 2.0% | -2.4% |
| 1994 | 2.0% | -0.1% |
| 1995 | 2.0% | +1.7% |
| 1996 | 2.0% | +0.3% |
| 1997 | 2.0% | +0.2% |
| 1998 | 2.0% | -0.7% |
| 1999 | 2.0% | +0.7% |
| 2000 | 2.1% | +0.5% |
| 2001 | 2.0% | -1.2% |
| 2002 | 2.1% | +3.8% |
| 2003 | 2.1% | -2.2% |
| 2004 | 2.1% | +3.7% |
| 2005 | 2.2% | +1.9% |
| 2006 | 2.3% | +5.3% |
| 2007 | 2.3% | +2.4% |
| 2008 | 2.4% | +0.5% |
| 2009 | 2.4% | +2.2% |
| 2010 | 2.4% | -0.4% |
| 2011 | 2.4% | -1.8% |
| 2012 | 2.2% | -5.7% |
| 2013 | 2.2% | -0.5% |
| 2014 | 2.2% | -0.4% |
| 2015 | 2.3% | +3.0% |
| 2016 | 2.4% | +6.6% |
| 2017 | 2.4% | +0.2% |
| 2018 | 2.4% | +1.0% |
| 2019 | 2.5% | +3.4% |
| 2020 | 2.7% | +6.5% |
| 2021 | 2.7% | -0.2% |
| 2022 | 3.2% | +19.2% |
| 2023 | 3.3% | +1.9% |
| 2024 | 3.3% | -0.3% |
| 2025 | 3.3% | +1.0% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 9 |
| 2000s | 2.2% | 2.0% | 2.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.5% | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.1% | 2.7% | 3.3% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
- 6 Tonga 8.4% compare
- 7 Uzbekistan 8.3% compare
- 8 Honduras 7.2% compare
- 9 Ghana 6.8% compare
- 10 Somalia 6.2% compare
- 11 Papua New Guinea 6.0% compare
- 12 Switzerland 5.3% compare
More work & labour data for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 69.9% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 56.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 31.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 49.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 40.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 50.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 63.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 76.7% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 64.1% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 44.0% (2025)
All data for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) →
Frequently asked questions
- What is employers, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- Employers, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) was 3.3% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest employers, female (% of female employment) recorded in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- The highest recorded value was 3.3% in 2025.
- What is the lowest employers, female (% of female employment) recorded in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- The lowest recorded value was 2.0% in 1994.
- How does Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) rank for employers, female (% of female employment)?
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) ranks 9th out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is employers, female (% of female employment) rising or falling in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- Over the last ten years it is up 44.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Employers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Employers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).