Employed persons in science and technology (HRST) by category, NACE Rev. 2 activity and NUTS 1 region (2008-2026) by country
Countries reporting
45
Highest
22,619 Thousand persons
Germany
Lowest
88.3 Thousand persons
Montenegro
Median
1,700 Thousand persons
Years covered
18
2008–2025
Data points
2,881
What the numbers show
Employed persons in science and technology (HRST) by category, NACE Rev. 2 activity and NUTS 1 region (2008-2026) is currently reported for 45 countries. The highest value is 22,619 Thousand persons in Germany; the lowest is 88.3 Thousand persons in Montenegro.
The median across all reporting countries is 1,700 Thousand persons, and the mean is 4,014 Thousand persons.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 256.
Employed persons in science and technology (HRST) by category … NUTS: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 22,619 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 19.2% | rising |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 18,485 Thousand persons | 2019 | up 47.2% | rising |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 18,485 Thousand persons | 2019 | up 47.2% | rising |
| 4 | France | 17,232 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 5 | Spain | 11,440 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 36.8% | rising |
| 6 | Türkiye | 11,224 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 69.8% | rising |
| 7 | Italy | 9,641 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 8 | Poland | 8,916 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 32.4% | rising |
| 8 | Poland | 8,916 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 32.4% | rising |
| 10 | Netherlands | 5,910 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 41.0% | rising |
| 10 | Netherlands | 5,910 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 41.0% | rising |
| 12 | Sweden | 3,311 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 25.7% | rising |
| 13 | Belgium | 3,110 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 33.4% | rising |
| 14 | Switzerland | 2,810 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 15 | Austria | 2,471 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 23.8% | rising |
| 16 | Romania | 2,418 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 17 | Czechia | 2,357 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 22.1% | rising |
| 18 | Portugal | 2,346 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 48.4% | rising |
| 19 | Hungary | 2,110 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 34.5% | rising |
| 20 | Greece | 1,882 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 36.6% | rising |
| 21 | Ireland | 1,766 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 61.1% | rising |
| 22 | Denmark | 1,720 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 26.1% | rising |
| 23 | Norway | 1,700 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 15.9% | rising |
| 24 | Finland | 1,436 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 25 | Bulgaria | 1,362 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 19.1% | rising |
| 26 | Slovakia | 1,200 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 41.6% | rising |
| 26 | Slovakia | 1,200 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 41.6% | rising |
| 28 | Serbia | 1,170 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 35.7% | rising |
| 29 | Lithuania | 873.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 30.8% | rising |
| 29 | Lithuania | 873.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 30.8% | rising |
| 31 | Croatia | 754.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 27.7% | rising |
| 31 | Croatia | 754.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 27.7% | rising |
| 33 | Slovenia | 483.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 33 | Slovenia | 483.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 35 | Latvia | 451.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 35 | Latvia | 451.6 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 37 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 412.2 Thousand persons | 2025 | — | rising |
| 38 | Estonia | 370.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 22.6% | rising |
| 38 | Estonia | 370.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 22.6% | rising |
| 40 | Cyprus | 290.1 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 61.5% | rising |
| 41 | North Macedonia | 274.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 42 | Luxembourg | 235.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 57.8% | rising |
| 43 | Malta | 166.8 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 108.8% | rising |
| 44 | Iceland | 125 Thousand persons | 2025 | up 39.5% | rising |
| 45 | Montenegro | 88.3 Thousand persons | 2020 | up 16.6% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 106,874 Thousand persons
- Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) 86,042 Thousand persons
- Nordrhein-Westfalen 4,705 Thousand persons
- Ile de France 4,084 Thousand persons
- Bayern 3,884 Thousand persons
- Este 3,604 Thousand persons
- London (NUTS 2021) 3,348 Thousand persons
- Baden-Württemberg 3,223 Thousand persons
- West-Nederland 3,036 Thousand persons
- Nord-Ovest 2,950 Thousand persons
- Schweiz/Suisse/Svizzera 2,810 Thousand persons
- South East (UK) (NUTS 2021) 2,806 Thousand persons
- İstanbul 2,743 Thousand persons
- Česko 2,357 Thousand persons
- Continente 2,264 Thousand persons
- Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 2,218 Thousand persons
- Centro (IT) 2,157 Thousand persons
- Nord-Est 2,156 Thousand persons
- Comunidad de Madrid 2,081 Thousand persons
- Niedersachsen 2,080 Thousand persons
- Sur 1,992 Thousand persons
- North West (UK) (NUTS 2021) 1,866 Thousand persons
- Makroregion południowy 1,854 Thousand persons
- Vlaams Gewest 1,854 Thousand persons
- Makroregion województwo mazowieckie 1,755 Thousand persons
- Hessen 1,734 Thousand persons
- Danmark 1,720 Thousand persons
- Norge 1,700 Thousand persons
- East of England (NUTS 2021) 1,661 Thousand persons
- Sud 1,652 Thousand persons
- Scotland (NUTS 2021) 1,592 Thousand persons
- Occitanie 1,569 Thousand persons
- Ege 1,533 Thousand persons
- South West (UK) (NUTS 2021) 1,505 Thousand persons
- Östra Sverige 1,468 Thousand persons
- Nouvelle-Aquitaine 1,466 Thousand persons
- Manner-Suomi 1,428 Thousand persons
- Batı Anadolu 1,425 Thousand persons
- West Midlands (UK) (NUTS 2021) 1,415 Thousand persons
- Södra Sverige 1,366 Thousand persons