Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income
Lower middle income: Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) was 25.3% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income, 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
The most recent figure for contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income is 25.3%, measured in 2025. That is the lowest value across all 35 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 2.2% on the previous year and down 14.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income peaked at 36.8% in 1991 and was at its lowest, 25.3%, in 2025.
Lower middle income ranks 12th of 47 groups on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 35 years of available data.
Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 36.8% | — |
| 1992 | 36.6% | -0.8% |
| 1993 | 36.4% | -0.5% |
| 1994 | 36.2% | -0.5% |
| 1995 | 35.8% | -1.1% |
| 1996 | 35.5% | -0.8% |
| 1997 | 35.0% | -1.3% |
| 1998 | 34.8% | -0.5% |
| 1999 | 34.4% | -1.2% |
| 2000 | 33.7% | -2.2% |
| 2001 | 33.3% | -1.0% |
| 2002 | 33.2% | -0.3% |
| 2003 | 33.2% | -0.2% |
| 2004 | 33.3% | +0.3% |
| 2005 | 32.7% | -1.6% |
| 2006 | 32.5% | -0.6% |
| 2007 | 32.5% | -0.2% |
| 2008 | 32.4% | -0.2% |
| 2009 | 32.2% | -0.6% |
| 2010 | 32.0% | -0.6% |
| 2011 | 31.5% | -1.7% |
| 2012 | 30.8% | -2.3% |
| 2013 | 30.5% | -1.0% |
| 2014 | 29.8% | -2.1% |
| 2015 | 29.5% | -1.3% |
| 2016 | 29.0% | -1.5% |
| 2017 | 28.5% | -1.7% |
| 2018 | 28.0% | -1.7% |
| 2019 | 28.0% | -0.2% |
| 2020 | 27.6% | -1.4% |
| 2021 | 26.9% | -2.6% |
| 2022 | 26.2% | -2.7% |
| 2023 | 27.1% | +3.3% |
| 2024 | 25.9% | -4.4% |
| 2025 | 25.3% | -2.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 35.7% | 34.4% | 36.8% | 9 |
| 2000s | 32.9% | 32.2% | 33.7% | 10 |
| 2010s | 29.8% | 28.0% | 32.0% | 10 |
| 2020s | 26.5% | 25.3% | 27.6% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Lower middle income
- 9 Yemen 40.7% compare
- 10 Ethiopia 38.9% compare
- 11 Niger 38.8% compare
- 12 Tanzania, United Republic of 38.6% compare
- 13 Mali 38.0% compare
- 14 Burkina Faso 37.4% compare
- 15 Azerbaijan 37.1% compare
More work & labour data for Lower middle income
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 80.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 49.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 27.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 38.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 41.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 58.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 61.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 76.8% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 39.2% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 53.7% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income?
- Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) in Lower middle income was 25.3% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) recorded in Lower middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 36.8% in 1991.
- What is the lowest contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) recorded in Lower middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 25.3% in 2025.
- How does Lower middle income rank for contributing family workers, female (% of female employment)?
- Lower middle income ranks 12th out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) rising or falling in Lower middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is down 14.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.