Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income): Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) was 27.4% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income), 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
The most recent figure for vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) is 27.4%, measured in 2025.
That represents a change of down 1.2% on the previous year and down 6.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) peaked at 37.4% in 1998 and was at its lowest, 26.6%, in 2021.
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) ranks 36th of 47 groups on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 35 years of available data.
Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income), year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 35.9% | — |
| 1992 | 36.0% | +0.2% |
| 1993 | 35.9% | -0.2% |
| 1994 | 36.6% | +1.9% |
| 1995 | 37.1% | +1.2% |
| 1996 | 37.4% | +0.9% |
| 1997 | 37.3% | -0.3% |
| 1998 | 37.4% | +0.3% |
| 1999 | 37.2% | -0.4% |
| 2000 | 36.9% | -0.8% |
| 2001 | 37.3% | +1.1% |
| 2002 | 36.3% | -2.7% |
| 2003 | 35.6% | -1.9% |
| 2004 | 33.5% | -5.8% |
| 2005 | 32.7% | -2.6% |
| 2006 | 31.8% | -2.5% |
| 2007 | 31.1% | -2.4% |
| 2008 | 31.0% | -0.4% |
| 2009 | 31.3% | +1.0% |
| 2010 | 31.6% | +1.0% |
| 2011 | 31.5% | -0.1% |
| 2012 | 31.0% | -1.7% |
| 2013 | 30.4% | -1.9% |
| 2014 | 30.1% | -0.9% |
| 2015 | 29.4% | -2.4% |
| 2016 | 29.0% | -1.4% |
| 2017 | 28.9% | -0.4% |
| 2018 | 28.2% | -2.4% |
| 2019 | 27.8% | -1.4% |
| 2020 | 27.0% | -2.9% |
| 2021 | 26.6% | -1.3% |
| 2022 | 28.6% | +7.4% |
| 2023 | 27.8% | -2.9% |
| 2024 | 27.7% | -0.1% |
| 2025 | 27.4% | -1.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 36.7% | 35.9% | 37.4% | 9 |
| 2000s | 33.7% | 31.0% | 37.3% | 10 |
| 2010s | 29.8% | 27.8% | 31.6% | 10 |
| 2020s | 27.5% | 26.6% | 28.6% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
More work & labour data for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 69.9% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 56.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 31.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 49.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 40.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 50.6% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 64.1% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 44.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 76.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 63.6% (2025)
All data for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) →
Frequently asked questions
- What is vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) was 27.4% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) recorded in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- The highest recorded value was 37.4% in 1998.
- What is the lowest vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) recorded in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- The lowest recorded value was 26.6% in 2021.
- How does Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) rank for vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment)?
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) ranks 36th out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) rising or falling in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- Over the last ten years it is down 6.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.