LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization in Southern Europe

Southern Europe: LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization was 15.68 in 2027. ▼ Falling

Latest (2027)
15.68
Change on year
down 1.0%
Rank
34th
of 87 groups
All-time high
31.41
in 2013
All-time low
15.68
in 2027
Years of data
23
2005–2027

LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization in Southern Europe, 2005–2027

01020302005201620272005: 192006: 18.52007: 17.72008: 18.52009: 22.42010: 24.22011: 262012: 29.72013: 31.42014: 31.12015: 29.22016: 27.32017: 25.12018: 232019: 21.42020: 24.42021: 22.52022: 19.62023: 17.82024: 16.62025: 16.22026: 15.82027: 15.7

Source: International Labour Organization.

Analysis

Southern Europe recorded 15.68 for lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization in 2027. That is the lowest value across all 23 years on record.

The figure is down 1.0% on the previous year and down 37.6% over ten years.

Over the whole period, lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization in Southern Europe peaked at 31.41 in 2013 and was at its lowest, 15.68, in 2027.

That places Southern Europe 34th out of 87 groups with data for 2027, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 23 years of available data.

LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization in Southern Europe, year by year

Annual values for LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (ILO modelled estimates) in Southern Europe, 2005 to 2027.
Year Value Change
2005 19.03
2006 18.48 -2.9%
2007 17.74 -4.0%
2008 18.52 +4.4%
2009 22.41 +21.0%
2010 24.18 +7.9%
2011 25.97 +7.4%
2012 29.74 +14.5%
2013 31.41 +5.6%
2014 31.08 -1.1%
2015 29.23 -5.9%
2016 27.31 -6.6%
2017 25.11 -8.1%
2018 22.96 -8.6%
2019 21.43 -6.6%
2020 24.41 +13.9%
2021 22.46 -8.0%
2022 19.59 -12.8%
2023 17.82 -9.0%
2024 16.62 -6.8%
2025 16.19 -2.5%
2026 15.84 -2.2%
2027 15.68 -1.0%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
2000s 19.24 17.74 22.41 5
2010s 26.84 21.43 31.41 10
2020s 18.58 15.68 24.41 8

More work & labour data for Southern Europe

All data for Southern Europe →

Frequently asked questions

What is lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization in Southern Europe?
Lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization in Southern Europe was 15.68 in 2027, according to International Labour Organization.
What is the highest lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization recorded in Southern Europe?
The highest recorded value was 31.41 in 2013.
What is the lowest lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization recorded in Southern Europe?
The lowest recorded value was 15.68 in 2027.
How does Southern Europe rank for lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization?
Southern Europe ranks 34th out of 87 groups with data for 2027.
Is lu4: composite rate of labour underutilization rising or falling in Southern Europe?
Over the last ten years it is down 37.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Southern Europe data come from?
The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (ILO modelled estimates). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization in Southern Europe. Statizoid, drawing on International Labour Organization. Retrieved 08 September 2026, from https://labour.statizoid.com/stat/lu4-composite-rate-of-labour-underutilization-ilo-modelled-estimates/southern-europe/

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About this data

Indicator
LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization (ILO modelled estimates)
Source
International Labour Organization
Licence
ILO Terms of Use (attribution required)
Coverage
87 places, 2,001 data points, 2005–2027
Last refreshed

Imputed observations are not based on national data, are subject to high uncertainty and should not be used for country comparisons or rankings. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. LU4 represents the share of the extended labour force that are in unemployment, time-related underemployment or the potential labour force. For more information, refer to the ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST) database description.