LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization in Southern Europe

Southern Europe: LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization was 11,362 in 2027. ▼ Falling

Latest (2027)
11,362
Change on year
down 1.8%
Rank
59th
of 87 groups
All-time high
23,580
in 2013
All-time low
11,362
in 2027
Years of data
23
2005–2027

LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization in Southern Europe, 2005–2027

05.0k10.0k15.0k20.0k25.0k2005201620272005: 13.7k2006: 13.4k2007: 13.0k2008: 13.7k2009: 16.6k2010: 18.0k2011: 19.4k2012: 22.4k2013: 23.6k2014: 23.4k2015: 21.9k2016: 20.4k2017: 18.7k2018: 17.0k2019: 15.9k2020: 18.0k2021: 16.6k2022: 14.5k2023: 13.2k2024: 12.3k2025: 11.9k2026: 11.6k2027: 11.4k

Source: International Labour Organization.

Analysis

The most recent figure for lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization in Southern Europe is 11,362, measured in 2027. That is the lowest value across all 23 years on record.

The figure is down 1.8% on the previous year and down 39.3% over ten years.

Over the whole period, lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization in Southern Europe peaked at 23,580 in 2013 and was at its lowest, 11,362, in 2027.

That places Southern Europe 59th out of 87 groups with data for 2027, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 23 years of available data.

LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization in Southern Europe, year by year

Annual values for LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization (ILO modelled estimates) in Southern Europe, 2005 to 2027.
Year Value Change
2005 13,662 —
2006 13,406 -1.9%
2007 13,000 -3.0%
2008 13,734 +5.6%
2009 16,634 +21.1%
2010 18,015 +8.3%
2011 19,380 +7.6%
2012 22,412 +15.6%
2013 23,580 +5.2%
2014 23,360 -0.9%
2015 21,887 -6.3%
2016 20,421 -6.7%
2017 18,705 -8.4%
2018 17,038 -8.9%
2019 15,904 -6.7%
2020 17,969 +13.0%
2021 16,561 -7.8%
2022 14,450 -12.7%
2023 13,182 -8.8%
2024 12,297 -6.7%
2025 11,917 -3.1%
2026 11,570 -2.9%
2027 11,362 -1.8%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
2000s 14,087 13,000 16,634 5
2010s 20,070 15,904 23,580 10
2020s 13,664 11,362 17,969 8

More work & labour data for Southern Europe

All data for Southern Europe →

Frequently asked questions

What is lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization in Southern Europe?
Lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization in Southern Europe was 11,362 in 2027, according to International Labour Organization.
What is the highest lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization recorded in Southern Europe?
The highest recorded value was 23,580 in 2013.
What is the lowest lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization recorded in Southern Europe?
The lowest recorded value was 11,362 in 2027.
How does Southern Europe rank for lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization?
Southern Europe ranks 59th out of 87 groups with data for 2027.
Is lu4: composite measure of labour underutilization rising or falling in Southern Europe?
Over the last ten years it is down 39.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Southern Europe data come from?
The figures come from International Labour Organization, published as part of LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization (ILO modelled estimates). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization in Southern Europe. Statizoid, drawing on International Labour Organization. Retrieved 26 September 2026, from https://labour.statizoid.com/stat/lu4-composite-measure-of-labour-underutilization-ilo-modelled-estimates/southern-europe/

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About this data

Indicator
LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization (ILO modelled estimates)
Source
International Labour Organization
Licence
ILO Terms of Use (attribution required)
Coverage
87 places, 2,001 data points, 2005–2027
Last refreshed

Imputed observations are not based on national data, are subject to high uncertainty and should not be used for country comparisons or rankings. This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. The composite measure of labour underutilization includes persons who are in unemployment, time-related underemployment or the potential labour force. For more information, refer to the ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST) database description.