Employers, male (% of male employment) in Pre-demographic dividend
Pre-demographic dividend: Employers, male (% of male employment) was 10.2% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Employers, male (% of male employment) in Pre-demographic dividend, 1991–2025
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
Analysis
In 2025, employers, male (% of male employment) in Pre-demographic dividend stood at 10.2%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.4% on the previous year and up 2.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, employers, male (% of male employment) in Pre-demographic dividend peaked at 10.9% in 1992 and was at its lowest, 9.8%, in 2013.
That places Pre-demographic dividend 3rd out of 47 groups with data for 2025, putting it in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 35 years of available data.
Employers, male (% of male employment) in Pre-demographic dividend, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 10.9% | — |
| 1992 | 10.9% | +0.2% |
| 1993 | 10.9% | -0.7% |
| 1994 | 10.8% | -0.4% |
| 1995 | 10.8% | -0.1% |
| 1996 | 10.8% | +0.1% |
| 1997 | 10.8% | -0.3% |
| 1998 | 10.7% | -1.1% |
| 1999 | 10.6% | -0.5% |
| 2000 | 10.6% | -0.3% |
| 2001 | 10.5% | -1.1% |
| 2002 | 10.4% | -0.7% |
| 2003 | 10.3% | -0.4% |
| 2004 | 10.3% | -0.4% |
| 2005 | 10.2% | -0.8% |
| 2006 | 10.1% | -0.8% |
| 2007 | 10.1% | -0.6% |
| 2008 | 10.0% | -0.6% |
| 2009 | 9.9% | -0.9% |
| 2010 | 10.0% | +0.3% |
| 2011 | 10.0% | -0.1% |
| 2012 | 9.9% | -0.6% |
| 2013 | 9.8% | -1.0% |
| 2014 | 9.9% | +1.4% |
| 2015 | 9.9% | -0.2% |
| 2016 | 9.9% | -0.3% |
| 2017 | 9.9% | +0.1% |
| 2018 | 10.0% | +1.2% |
| 2019 | 10.2% | +1.5% |
| 2020 | 9.9% | -3.1% |
| 2021 | 10.1% | +2.5% |
| 2022 | 10.1% | +0.4% |
| 2023 | 10.2% | +0.7% |
| 2024 | 10.2% | +0.4% |
| 2025 | 10.2% | -0.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 10.8% | 10.6% | 10.9% | 9 |
| 2000s | 10.3% | 9.9% | 10.6% | 10 |
| 2010s | 9.9% | 9.8% | 10.2% | 10 |
| 2020s | 10.1% | 9.9% | 10.2% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Pre-demographic dividend
- 1 Nigeria 28.2% compare
- 2 Djibouti 23.2% compare
- 3 Timor-Leste 16.8% compare
- 4 Angola 15.0% compare
- 5 Uzbekistan 14.2% compare
- 6 Azerbaijan 13.1% compare
More work & labour data for Pre-demographic dividend
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 47.8% (2025)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 85.3% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 76.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 69.7% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 55.2% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 64.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 63.0% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 70.6% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 77.3% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 51.6% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is employers, male (% of male employment) in Pre-demographic dividend?
- Employers, male (% of male employment) in Pre-demographic dividend was 10.2% in 2025, according to ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO).
- What is the highest employers, male (% of male employment) recorded in Pre-demographic dividend?
- The highest recorded value was 10.9% in 1992.
- What is the lowest employers, male (% of male employment) recorded in Pre-demographic dividend?
- The lowest recorded value was 9.8% in 2013.
- How does Pre-demographic dividend rank for employers, male (% of male employment)?
- Pre-demographic dividend ranks 3rd out of 47 groups with data for 2025.
- Is employers, male (% of male employment) rising or falling in Pre-demographic dividend?
- Over the last ten years it is up 2.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Pre-demographic dividend data come from?
- The figures come from ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), published as part of Employers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 35 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Employers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).